Analysis of soil nutrients of the newly-increased farmland in the process of land consolidation in Gaoling County | 高陵县土地整理中新增耕地土壤养分现状研究

Китайский. 研究土地整理项目中新增耕地土壤养分含量的特征，为更好地发挥土地整理效果提供依据。采集高陵县通远-湾子土地整理项目中，分别由工业用地、坟墓用地、晒谷场、苇地等4种土地利用类型经整理后的新增耕地17个土壤样品，测定其有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和代换量，运用SPSS统计软件分析了土壤养分状况。新增耕地土壤养分中有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和代换量含量平均分别为16.53 g/kg，4.72 g/kg，84.94 mg/kg，202.80 mg/kg和13.25 cmol/kg。土地养分含量变化较大，有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和代换量变异系数平均分别达到80.49%，6.22%，31.77%，37.06%和21.10%，原有利用类型对土壤养分差异形成无明显影响。土壤中各养分间相关程度较低，有机质与速效磷、代换量，速效钾与速效磷和代换量之间呈弱相关，相关系数分别为0.415,－0.372，0.459和0.375，其余养分含量之间无明显相关性。新增耕地土壤各养分含量较1996年大幅增加，已达高肥力水平，但养分来源主要为化肥，有机肥施用不足。因此，应将保持土壤有机质平衡和提高土壤有机质含量作为培肥中心环节，在培肥土壤方面提倡有机无机肥配合施用。

Английский. More effective land consolidation is put forward by analyzing the characteristics of nutrient content of the newly-increased farmland soil in the process of land consolidation. 17 soil samples of the newly-increased farmland converted from industry land, tomb land, field land and bulrush land are collected in Tongyuan-Wanzi land consolidation project Gaoling County. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available P, available K and base-exchange capacity are measured and the characteristics of nutrient content are analyzed with the software of SPSS. The results show that, the means of soil organic, matter total nitrogen, available P, available K and base-exchange capacity are 16.53 g/kg, 4.72 g/kg, 84.94 mg/kg, 202.80 mg/kg and 13.25 cmol/kg. The change of nutrients in different newly-increased farmland is higher. The means of CV of soil organic, matter total nitrogen, available P, available K and base-exchange capacity are 80.49%, 6.22%, 31.77%, 37.06% and 21.10%. The former land use patterns do not affect the change of nutrients in different newly-increased farmlands. The correlation between each nutrients is weak. The correlation coefficients of soil organic-available P and base-exchange capacity, available P-available K and base-exchange capacity are 0.415, －0.372, 0.459 and 0.375. The means of soil nutrients in the newly-increased farmland reached a high level, which can meet agricultural requirements. While maintaining the balance of soil organic matter and improving soil organic matter content, more importance should be attached to the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers.