Effects of different organic fertilizer treatments on soil water and soil physical properties in the semi-arid area of southern Ningxia | 有机肥对宁夏南部旱农区土壤物理性状及水分的影响

Китайский. 研究有机肥对半干旱农作区土壤体积质量、孔隙度、粒径＞0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量、土壤贮水量及作物水分利用效率的影响。以冬小麦“西峰26”为供试作物，在宁夏南部旱农区通过3年（2007-2009年）田间定位试验，以不施有机肥为对照，探讨不同有机肥施用量（H:90 t/hm2，M:60 t/hm2，L:30 t/hm2）对土壤物理性状和作物水分利用的影响。与对照相比，施用有机肥有利于改善土壤孔隙状况, 促进水稳性团聚体的形成, 提高土壤的蓄水性和持水能力。与2007年土壤（0～60 cm土层）相比，2009年H、M、L处理土壤体积质量平均降幅分别为5.3%, 4.6%和3.4%。无论采用干筛法还是湿筛法，与试验开始前土壤相比，粒径＞0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量均显著提高，其中湿筛法0～40 cm土层H、M、L施肥处理粒径＞0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量的平均增幅依次为21%，28%和29%。在小麦返青期，H、M、L处理0～60 cm土层土壤贮水量显著高于对照（P0.05），分别较对照增加了24.75，15.77和13.68 mm；在小麦灌浆期，有机肥处理0～200 cm土层土壤贮水量显著高于对照，其中H处理增幅达17%。H、M、L处理冬小麦水分利用效率较CK分别提高了38%，38%，23%，其中H、M处理与对照差异达显著水平（P0.05）。施用有机肥能提高供试土壤的保水能力, 促进土壤结构的优化,进而使作物的产量得到提高。高施用量有机肥处理作物的产量最高, 土壤物理结构最优。

Английский. The study was to explore the effects of different organic fertilizer treatments on bulk density, capillary porosity, soil aggregates, soil water storage and WUE. We conducted the experiment to study the effects of soil water and soil physical properties under different organic fertilizer treatments (H:90 t/hm2, M:60 t/hm2, L:30 t/hm2) for 3 years(2007-2009) in southern semi-arid area of Ningxia. The winter wheat for this trial was “Xifeng 26”. Organic fertilizer treatments could improve soil porosity, the ability of soil water storage and the content of water-stable aggregates than no fertilizer treatments. Compared with the soil before the experiment, the soil bulk density in 0-60 cm soil layer decreased by 5.3%, 4.6% and 3.4% respectively on average through H, M and L treatments. Whether dry sieving or wet sieving, ＞0.25 mm aggregates increased significantly compared with the soil before experiment. And after wet sieving, the average increase of the content of ＞0.25 mm water-stable aggregates after H, M and L treatments on 0-40 cm soil layer was 21%, 28% and 29% respeetively. Soil water storage capacity showed significant difference between these organic fertilizer treatments and no fertilizer treatment in the regreening stage of winter wheat on 0-60 cm soil layer. Following fertilization amount from high to low, the increase of soil water storage was 24.75, 15.77, and 13.68 mm respectively. There was significant difference between organic fertilizer treatments and no fertilizer treatment in the milking stage of winter wheat on 0-200 cm soil layer. And the increase of high fertilizer treatment was 17%. Following the fertilization from high to low, WUE of winter wheat under different fertilizer treatments increased by 38%, 38%, 23% respectively compared with no fertilizer treatment. Moreover, WUE of winter wheat in high and low fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that in no fertilizer treatment. The organic fertilizer treatments can not only enhance the proportion of bigger aggregates, but also can improve the structure of soil. The suitable organic fertilizer treatment may be high fertilizer treatment, but this needs to be reconfirmed.