Screening of organic substrate for plug seedling of pepper | 辣椒穴盘育苗有机基质配方的筛选

Китайский. 以西北地区资源丰富的农业生产副产品或废弃有机物为新型有机基质原料，筛选可替代不可再生资源草炭的辣椒育苗基质配方。将粉碎的玉米秸秆、玉米芯、稻壳、菇渣、麦糠分别进行发酵腐熟，按不同比例混合组成A（V(玉米秸秆)∶V(玉米芯)∶V(稻壳)=4∶4∶2 )、B(V(玉米芯)∶V(稻壳)∶V(菇渣)= 4∶3∶3)、C(V(稻壳)∶V(麦糠)∶V(菇渣)=5∶3∶2)、D(V(玉米秸秆)∶V(玉米芯)= 6∶4 ) 4种基质配方，以V(草炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=4∶1∶1为对照（CK）基质，以牛粪（30 kg/m3）和膨化鸡粪（15 kg/m3）为基肥，对供试辣椒品种“农城椒3号”进行穴盘育苗试验，分析各基质的理化性质和辣椒幼苗的生长指标。基质A理化性质良好，各项指标均能满足辣椒育苗要术，出苗率(90%) 和成苗率(85.3%)仅次于对照，但均高于其他3种基质。基质A的辣椒幼苗在苗龄47 d时株高为20.91 cm，茎粗为2.795 mm，单株地上部鲜质量为2.597 g，单株地上干质量为0.379 g，分别是对照的107.3%，108.9%，110.5%，125.6%；苗期各项形态指标与对照存在明显差异；基质A培养的辣椒幼苗质量最好，其根冠比为0.17，壮苗指数为0.492，G值为0.078，苗期综合指标与对照有显著差异；基质B、C和D的幼苗质量表现一般，基质间差异不大。栽培于基质A的辣椒出苗快，成苗率高，生长旺盛，干物质积累快，壮苗指数高，可以代替草炭用于辣椒穴盘育苗。

Английский. Substrate treatments which can substitute non-renewable resources were screened by taking agricultural by products or agricultural waste in northwest area as new kinds of organic substrate, and the plug seedling as object. Croushed agricultural waste such as corn stalk, corn cob, rice hulls, mushroom residue, bran, were fermented separately. Then they were mixed into 4 treatments A(V(corn straw)∶V(corn cob)∶V(rice husk) = 4∶4∶2), B(V(corn cob)∶V(rice husk)∶V(mushroom residue) = 4∶3∶3), C(V(rice husk)∶V(wheat husk)∶V(mushroom residue)= 5∶3∶2) and D(V(corn straw)∶V(corn cob)= 6∶4) by different proportions; V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(vermiculite) = 4∶1∶1 as contrast(CK), 30 kg/m3 dung and 15 kg/m3 puffing chicken were added as base fertilizer, and the pepper No.3 was used as plug seedling experimental material. Different physicochemical properties and morphological index and growth target were analyzed. The physiological treatment A can meet the needs of the growth of pepper. The emerging rate and survival rate are lower than those of CK, better than those of other three treatments. The emerging rate is 90% and the survival rate 85.3%. When the seedling is 47 days old, the height 20.91 cm, the stem diameter 2.795 mm, the aboveground weight 2.597 g and the root weight 0.379 g, the treatments are 107.3%, 108.9%, 110.5% and 125.6% bigger than contrast group, respectively. Root-shoot ratio of treatment A is 0.17, seedling index 0.492, and G value 0.078. There are significant differences between treatment A and CK in composite indicator. The quality of treatment A is bether than that of others. Treatment A is the fastest in emergence and growth, the highest in planting percent, and fast in the accumulation of dry matter and high in seedling index. It can be one kind of organic substrate in pepper seedling instead of peat.