Genetic effects and heterosis analysis on yield-related traits of CMS-FA hybrid rice | 新质源(CMS-FA)杂交稻产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势分析

Китайский. 【目的】研究水稻新质源（CMS-FA）不育系和恢复系的产量相关性状遗传效应和杂种优势水平,评价新型细胞质源杂交稻亲本的育种潜力。【方法】采用不完全双列杂交设计,以新质源（CMS-FA）杂交稻系统的5个不育系为母本,5个恢复系为父本配制25个杂交组合,种植亲本和F1获得产量相关性状的试验数据。利用加性-显性遗传模型和MINQUE（1）法对10个产量相关性状遗传方差分量比率、遗传率、亲本加性效应和组合显性效应以及杂种优势进行剖析。【结果】新质源杂交稻产量相关性状同时受加性效应和显性效应的控制,单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、剑叶长和生育期等性状以加性效应占主导,单株产量、株高和穗长等性状则以显性效应控制为主;狭义遗传率以千粒重表现最高,生育期次之,单株产量最低;加性效应最好的不育系是金农2A,恢复系是金恢3号和金恢1号;显性效应最强的4个组合为金农2A×金恢5号、金农2A×金恢2号、金农4A×金恢5号和金农5A×金恢5号;单株产量、株高、穗长3个产量相关性状F1具有很强的群体平均优势（7.351%―16.330%）和群体超亲优势（4.233%―10.507%）,强优势组合杂种优势可达10.307%―49.462%。【结论】供试不育系以金农2A较好,恢复系以金恢3号和金恢1号最好,金恢5号在配制生育期较短的杂交稻高产组合中是一个很好的亲本。

Английский. 【Objective】 This study aimed at detecting the genetic effects and heterosis level of yield-related traits of CMS-FA sterile lines and restorers as well as the breeding potential of CMS-FA hybrid rice parents. 【Method】 By incomplete diallel cross design, using five CMS-FA sterile lines as female parents and five corresponding restorers as male parents, twenty-five crosses were made. The parents and F1 generations were planted to obtain the data of yield-related traits. By using the additive-dominant model and MINQUE(1) method, the genetic variance, heritability, parent additional effects and combination dominant effects, and heterosis of ten yield-related traits were analyzed. 【Result】 Yield-related traits of CMA-FA hybrid rice were controlled by both additive and dominant effects, among which panicle number per plant, total grain number per panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed-set percent, 1000-grain-weight, flag-leaf length and growth duration and so on were mainly controlled by additive effects. The dominant effects prevailed in the traits of yield per plant, plant height, and panicle length and so on. As for narrow heritabilities, the dominant effects of 1000-grain-weight were the highest, the growth duration was the next, and the yield per plant was the lowest. Sterile line Jinnong 2A and restorers Jinhui 3 and Jinhui 5 had the best additive effects. The four combinations with the strongest dominant effects were Jinnong 2A×Jinhui 5, Jinnong 2A×Jinhui 2, Jinnong 4A×Jinhui 5 and Jinnong 5A×Jinhui 5. Three yield-related trais yield per plant, plant height and panicle length had stronger population mean heterosis of 7.351%-16.330% and population over-parent heterosis of 4.233%-10.507% in F1 with the highest heterosis reaching 10.307-49.462%. 【Conclusion】 Jinnong 2A was the best one of all the sterile lines tested, Jinhui 3 and Jinhui 1 were the best ones of restorers tested, and Jinhui 5 was a good parent for the development of high-yielding hybrid rice combination with short growth duration.