Influence of species and preservations on the quality and safety of grass silages
Skladanka, J.,Mendelova Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Vyzivy Zvirat a Picninarstvi | Dolezal, P.,Mendelova Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Vyzivy Zvirat a Picninarstvi | Nedelnik, J.,Zemedelsky Vyzkum, Troubsko (Czech Republic) | Moravcova, H.,Zemedelsky Vyzkum, Troubsko (Czech Republic) | Postulka, R.,Mendelova Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Vyzivy Zvirat a Picninarstvi | Vyskocil, I.,Mendelova Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Vyzivy Zvirat a Picninarstvi
The paper evaluates the quality of model silages made of wilted grass biomass and treated with silage additives. Grass species used for the production of silages were Lolium perenne, Festulolium pabulare and Festulolium braunii harvested in the first cut at the stage of earing. The treatment was made either with a chemical preparation (formic acid, propionic acid, ammonium formate) and/or with a biological inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus salivarius, cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase). After 60 days of ensilaging, the silages were assessed for pH, organic acids content, ethanol content and acidity of water extract (AWE); organic nutrients assessed in the silages were crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP), digestibility of organic matter (DOM), zearalenon, fumonisin and aflatoxin mycotoxins. The high (P less than 0.05) dry matter (DM) content in Festulolium pabulare silages indicates that the species tends to rapid wilting. The higher DM content was reflected in lower biomass losses (P less than 0.05). The lowest pH values (P less than 0.05) were detected in silages made of Festulolium braunii. The fact relates to the higher content of lactic acid in the prepared microsilages. The use of ensiling additives affected the quality of extracts. The application of the biological additive led to increased concentrations of lactic and acetic acids (P less than 0.05). Titratable acidity was not affected by the ensiling additives. As to the emanation of ethanol, heterofermentative bacteria of lactic fermentation apparently took part in the fermentation process of the silages as well. While the evaluated forage species showed differences in the digestibility of organic matter (P less than 0.05), the application of preservatives did not influence the content of organic nutrients. Fumonisin was not detected at all and aflatoxins were below the level of detection. None of the assessed factors had an effect on the content of zearalenon; in spite of this fact, an apparent tendency towards a higher content of zearalenon was recorded in Lolium perenne.
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