Insect spectrum of a mixed cultivar sesame field
2010
Sintim, H.O.,Chiba Univ. (Japan). Graduate School of Science and Technology | Tashiro, T.,Chiba Univ. (Japan). Graduate School of Horticulture | Motoyama, N.,Chiba Univ. (Japan). Graduate School of Horticulture
Fifty-four sesame cultivars collected from ten Asian, three African and other regions were evaluated in the field for arthropod incidence for three consecutive years between 2005 and 2007. Insects were recorded from as early as 6 days after transplanting to as late as the harvesting day (24 weeks). Arthropods recorded on the plants were from the orders Orthoptera (Pyrgomorphidae), Lepidoptera (Noctuidae and Sphingidae), and Hemiptera (Aphididae, Miridae and Pentatomidae). Predators (Mantodea and Araneae) and pollinating Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) were recorded as well. In a small plot experiment the sesame cultivars were ranked based on the relative incidence frequency and the mean population of insect pests. Eight cultivars including a comparatively susceptible cultivar were selected and sampled for a further season to confirm the insect spectrum after the first two years. Early maturing cultivars like 11Pusan are suspected to employ also evasive mechanisms in avoiding insect pests. In the third season when selected cultivars were kept at the vegetative stage in tandem by debudding the early maturing cultivars during the entire sampling period, 11Pusan became a preferred host amongst the selected cultivars for Myzus persicae and Psilogramma sp. The cultivar 56S. radiatum hosted only Atractomorpha lata in each of the three years irrespective of the number of available cultivars. These results indicate that insect pests of field sesame select their hosts amongst available cultivars based on relative repellent attributes. Although all the cultivars were susceptible to at least one insect, the incidence intensities were graded. Insect population counts on the sesame cultivars over time enabled us to select the high insect aversion cultivars for further insect physiology tests.
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