The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens
Koreleski, J.,National Research Inst. of Animal Production, Balice (Poland). Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science | Swiatkiewicz, S.,National Research Inst. of Animal Production, Balice (Poland). Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science | Arczewska-Wlosek, A.,National Research Inst. of Animal Production, Balice (Poland). Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
The aim of this 3 x 3 factorial experiment on chicken broilers (360 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens) was to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of K and Cl on chicken performance, carcass composition and dry matter content in excreta. Chickens were allocated to 9 groups. Chickens from 1 to 42 days of age were kept in cages with wire floors to enable excreta collection and were administered water and feed ad libitum. The basal starter (days 1-14) and grower (days 15-42) diet contained the following elements in 1 kg: 2.11 g and 2.10 g Cl, 8.6 g and 7.8 g P, 2.04 g and 1.93 g Na, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with K and Cl. They contained 11.1 g or 10.6 g and 11.8 g or 11.9 g K, and 2.95 g or 2.58 g and 3.16 g or 2.70 g/kg Cl, for the starter or grower periods of feeding, respectively. The sum of cations (K + Na) ranged from 309 mEq to 390 mEq in the starter diet and from 283 mEq to 388 mEq/kg in the grower diet; the dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) values varied from 219 mEq to 331 mEq and from 207 mEq to 329 mEq/kg, respectively. During the starter feeding period the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FCR) were positively affected by the increase of Cl and decrease of DEB values from 298 to 274 mEq/kg (P less than 0.001). In the grower period and throughout the feeding period, the positive effect of Cl on BWG and FCR was not confirmed but a negative effect of K was observed. The interaction between Cl and K dietary levels found for BWG and FCR suggests a reciprocal relationship for both electrolytes. Dry matter in excreta was decreased when the K level in the diet was increased to 11.9 g/kg and DEB value to 319 mEq/kg (P less than 0.001) but breast meat yield (P less than 0.01) and relative mass of heart in carcass (P less than 0.05) were increased. Dietary Cl content elevated from 2.2 to 2.58 g/kg reduced pH in breast meat after 24 h (P less than 0.001), whereas elevated K content (7.8 vs. 10.6 g/kg) reduced drip loss in 24 h (P less than 0.01) and 48 h stored meat (P less than 0.05).
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