Evaluation of technical and operation problems in some important Ghanats of Iran (case study in Hamadan province)
2009
Bahram Lu, Reza | Qadami Firuz Abadi, A`li | Lahiji, A`li | Sha`baniyan, Mohammad | Sa`edi, Hamid | Salimi, A`li Reza
Ghanat is a national and old resource and its precedence and related irrigation systems belong to 800 B.C. This structure is one of the best precious of our ancestors for water supply. At present, total discharge of ghanats in Iran is 280 m3/s and based on the last studies it can twice as much with establish of dry ghanats and improve of extant ghanats. Therefore protection of this water resource is essential aspect of either our cultural heritage or water resources. For this reason in present research, operational management and technical problems in Hamadan County were studied. For execution of this research, the present documents and statistic information were gathered then based of them 15 different ghanats were selected in 7 plain in Hamadan province for study. Then completed a questionnaire form for each of them in there areas. Finally conditions of discharge and quantity and quality changes of water of them geometrical dimensions were determined. Based on results, the main problems of ghanats in Hamadan province is: 1- technical problems (low convince efficiency, high roughness coefficient (n), low water use efficiency (WUE), unsuitable longitudinal slope and cross section form) 2- operation and maintenance management problems (careless of managers, experts and agricultures, deficit budget of repair and maintenance, non support of expert well diggers, non clean, entrance of rubbish and sewage and public ownership). Based on measurements, the value of convince efficiency, applied efficiency, mean discharge, roughness manning coefficient, water use efficiency for irrigated crops are 80%, 56%, 71 lit/s, 0.022 and 0.88 kg/m3 in order.
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