Comparing soil physico-chemical characteristics and sunflower yield under no-tillage and conventional tillage

In order to evaluation three methods of tillages;no-tillage(T1), minimum tillage(T2) and two conventional tillage with and without gathering residue(T4and T3), an experiment whith Randomize Compelet Block Design(RCBD) with 5 replication at the Kalpoush of Shahrood for 4 years was conducted. The treatments In 1381 and 1383 years wheat planted, and in 1383 sunflower planted. Various factors;seed performance, weights of one thousands seeds, oil percent, soil moisture content and penetration resistance cone index masured. Data analysised with MSTATC software. Combination analysis of soil moisture percent in various soil depths showed that moisture percent mean at the 10-20cm of depth in T2 was more than of T3 and T4. At the 50-70 cm, soil moisture content in T1 was lower than other treatments. Wheat yield difference (1382) was significant among treatments(at %5). Maximum and minimum of crop yield was related to T4(3880 kg/ha) and T1(3170 kg/ha) respectively. Wheat yield difference(1384) was not significant, However maximum and minimum of crop yield was related to T2(3536 kg/ha) and T4(2731 kg/ha) respectively. Sunflower yield and seed oil percent differences were significant at %1 and %5 respectively. Maximum and minimum of crop yield was related to T2 and T3 respectively. Sunflower yield difference in T2 and T1 was not significant. Also Sunflower yield difference in T1 and T3 was not significant. %). Combination analysis of soil chemical properties( organic carbon, absorbable p and k) among threatments were significant. Both at depth 0-30cm, absorbable p and k and 30-60cm organic carbon and absorbable k in T3 were highest. The results indicated that penetration resistance cone index was affected by tillage methods. At the depth of 0-20cm, minimum and maximum penetration resistance cone index was related to T3 and T2. But difference at the 20- 50cm was not significant. However cone penetration resistance cone index was lowest and highest at the T1and T4 respectively. In regard to soil fertility and wheat yield comparing in 1382 and 1384( increasing of crop yield in Reduced tillage), moldboard plough can be replaced with disk harrow. Reduced tillage operations can maintain soil moisture without significant reducing of crop yield.