Sugar beet breeding on rhizomania | Oplemenjivanje šećerne repe na rizomaniju
2010
Ćurčić, Ž.
Currently, rhizomania is the most important disease in sugar beet worldwide. It is a complex pathosystem, including both a virus and a fungal vector, and during the resting stage of the fungus in the soil, both BNYVV and Polymyxa betae are very persistent. Breeding sugar beet cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is regarded as the most appropriate way to enable the continued production of sugar beets in BNYVV-infested fields and to prevent further dispersal of the disease. The impact of scientific research on the understanding of the pathosystem has been very important and has had a large influence on the development of cultivars with resistance to the virus. As a result of breeding activities, the yields as well as the quality characteristic of recently introduced resistant cultivars have reached the same level as those of the commercially susceptible cultivars. The use of molecular markers is now being incorporated in the breeding process. Also, application of the concept of pathogen-derived resistance (PDR), in which sugar beet is transformed by incorporating of parts of the genome of BNYVV, will result in the development of transgenic resistant cultivars. As a next step, natural genes for virus resistance present in wild species will be cloned, and genes for resistance to the vector might also become available. Studies of expression of these genes will increase knowledge of the pathosystem and resistance mechanisms. Finally, additional genes can be used to increase the level of resistance trough recombination, possibly also with PDR, which might eventually result in an enhanced durability of the resistance. In near future are expected natural changes in virus and vector, which results could be creation of new pathotypes. Because of that is necessary to work continuously on research of rhizomania resistance so new hybrids resistant to rhizomania could be created in good times.
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