Possibility of application of microorganisms for solving problems of ecological and food safety | Возможности применения микроорганизмов для решения задач экологической и продовольственной безопасности
2010
Zhigletsova, S.K. | Dunajtsev, I.A., Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well Being Surveillance, Moscow Region (Russian Federation). State Centre of Science of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology | Besaeva, S.G., Research Centre of Toxicology and Hygienic Regulation of Biopreparations, Moscow Region (Russian Federation). Russian Ministry of Health
Modern chemical fungicides can not provide complete suppression of Fusarium ear blight infection. A content of mycotoxins in grains may even increase when chemical fungicides were applied. A strategy to control fusariosis by microorganisms id developed nowadays. An ability of some microbial antagonists to stimulate significantly plant growth, development and metabolic processes in them is shown. Both fungal and bacterial cultures possess these properties. Published data are presented that are about benefits of the use of preparations on the basis of microbial antagonists to control Fusarium ear blight in comparison with chemical fungicides. These preparations can prevent many unwanted successions in biocenoses, eliminate pollution and reduce a content of fusariotoxines in grain more than in 10 times. Microorganisms combining a high antagonistic activity against pathogens with a high efficiency release of phosphates from insoluble minerals are identified. A possibility of using microorganisms to develop biological phosphate fertilizers is shown, in which phosphorus releases directly into soil under field conditions. Prospects for creation complex products based on microbial antagonists are evaluated. There are two major trends in biotechnology:1) the use of agrarian wastes and composting, 2) development of pellets based on biomass that is obtained by deep cultivation. The use of preparations based on microbial antagonists, capable to dissolve phosphates actively and to resist to pathogens will not only increase yield and improve its quality, but also sanitate a rhizosphere of plants.
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