Estimation of drought and heat resistance in initial forms of apple | Оценка засухо- и жароустойчивости исходных форм яблони
2010
Yushkov, A.N. | Borzhykh, N.V. | Khozhajnov, A.V., All-Russia Selection and Technological Inst. of Horticulture and Plant Breeding, Moscow (Russian Federation)
A laboratory assessment of indicators of water regime was done for more than 50 cultivars and forms of apple. The effect of drought on a content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves was studied. The experiments were carried out in the Tambov Region in 2007-2009. The leaves lost from 6 to 21% of water in the first 4 hours of drying. The cultivars and forms Uralskoe Nalivnoe, 20-88, Kitajka 50-3, Malus robusta, M. spectabilis, Taezhnoe, Flagman (not more than 11%) evaporated the minimum amount of water and Bellefleur-Record, M. cerasifera, Kitajka anisovaya, Komsomolets, Yakhontovoe (more than 16%) did the maximum one. When modeling heat shock (t +50 deg C) for 30 minutes, the cultivars and forms 17-20, 20-88, M. robusta, M. floribunda, M. cerasifera, Martovskoe, Melba, Taezhnoe, Uralskoe Nalivnoe, Kitajka anisovaya were characterized by the minimum loss of water (less than 6% of the initial weight). Zhigulevskoe, Kitajka , 50-3, 20-78, Kerr were done the maximum loss (more than 11.5%). Damages of apple shoots were assessed in a saccharose solution to study osmotic stress during soil drought. Uralskoe Nalivnoe, Kerr, 20-88 (the damages were less than 0.6 points) showed up the maximum resistance to osmotic stress. Antonovka Obyknovennaya (2.2 points) and Brebern (2.7 points) did the minimum one. The most heat- and drought-resistant apple cultivars and forms Uralskoe Nalivnoe and 20-88 were selected. The conclusion has been done that they can be used in further breeding. A content of chlorophylls and carotenoids increases under a thermal shock for drought-resistant cultivars and pigment content reduces for cultivars not resistant to drought.
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