Influence of spent mushroom substrate on fattening performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of beef cattle | 菌糠对肉牛生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响

Китайский. 研究白灵菇菌糠对肉牛的育肥效果及其血液生理生化指标的影响。选择40头日增质量和体质量接近的西门塔尔杂交二代牛，按日增质量、体质量和年龄配对的原则，分为对照组(CG)、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组，分别用白灵菇菌糠代替日粮中0%，20%，40%，60%质量比的麦秸，进行70 d的饲养试验，于预试期和试验期分3次对每头牛称体质量和颈静脉采血，测定血液生理生化指标，分析白灵菇菌糠对肉牛育肥及其生理生化指标的影响。(1)试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组肉牛的日增质量分别较对照组提高1.59%，10.32%和2.38%，但差异均不显著（P0.05）。(2)随着试验的进行，至试验末期时，除试验Ⅱ组肉牛血液血红蛋白质量浓度有所降低外，各试验组肉牛血液白细胞、红细胞、血小板的数量和血红蛋白质量浓度的变化趋势与对照组基本一致，其中白细胞的降低趋势较对照组更为明显；试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉牛试验60 d时，血液白细胞数量分别较对照组降低8.31%（P0.05），8.38%（P0.01）和8.22%（P0.05）。(3)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉牛试验45和60 d时，血浆总胆固醇含量分别较对照组提高4.28%（P0.05），28.79%（P0.01），24.90%（P0.05）和5.62%（P0.05），18.88%（P0.05），19.68%（P0.05）；各试验组肉牛在试验45 d时，血浆钙水平与对照组相比差异均达到了显著水平（P0.05）；在试验60 d时，各试验组肉牛血浆尿素氮含量分别较对照组提高了55.51%（P0.01），49.32%（P0.01）和4.41%（P0.05）；试验进行到第60天时，各试验组肉牛血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、肌酐、钙、磷等指标的变化趋势与对照组基本一致；试验Ⅱ组肉牛血浆葡萄糖、总胆固醇、尿素氮、钙和磷等指标的变化幅度较对照组明显；而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肉牛的血浆碱性磷酸酶和试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组尿素氮的变化趋势与对照组相反。菌糠对肉牛的免疫机能和血液代谢指标无负面影响，可以作为肉牛的粗饲料使用，且其具有良好的育肥和生态效益。

Английский. The research was conducted to study the influence of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on beef cattle growth performance, physiological and biochemical indexes. According to daily gain, body weight and age matched principle, 40 Simmental F2 cattle were divided into control group (CG),experimental groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, fed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% SMS instead of wheat straw respectively. In the pre-test period and test period each cattle was weighed 3 times and its blood was collected by jugular vein-3 times to measure physiological and biochemical indexes. (1) Compared with control group, the average daily gain of beef cattle in groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ slightly increased by 1.59%, 10.32% and 2.38% (P0.05) respectively. (2) The white blood cell(WBC) of beef cattle in 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ was 8.31% (P0.05), 8.38% (P0.01) and 8.22% (P0.05) lower than that of the control group respectively, but there were no significant influence of SMS on red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB) concentration and platelet (PLT) count; the change tendency of WBC, RBC, PLT and HB in the beef cattle blood within 0 day, 45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ was consistent with the control group, and the change tendency of WBC was inconsistent with the control group .(3)Compared with the control group, the total cholesterol in plasma of 45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ increased by 4.28% (P0.05), 28.79% (P0.01), 24.90% (P0.05), 5.62% (P0.05), 18.88%(P0.05) and 19.68%(P0.05) respectively; the urea nitrogen in plasma of 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ increased by 55.51% (P0.01), 49.32% (P0.01) and 4.41% (P0.05), respectively; the blood calcium of 45 days experimental period in groupⅡ, Ⅲ was 2.47 and 2.43 mmol/L respectively, extremely higher than that of the control group; the change tendencies of total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin (GLO), glucose (GLU), triglycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) in plasma within 0 day, 45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ were consistent with the control group, the change tendecies of UR in plasma during 60 days experimental period in groupⅡ were consistent with the control group, and the change tendencies of GLU, UN, TC, Ca, P in group Ⅱ were inconsistent with the control group, but the change tendencies of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in groupⅠand Ⅱ, and the change tendencies of UN in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ were obviously opposite to that of control group. The results proved that SMS has no negative effects on immune function and blood metabolic indexes, which can be used as ruminants feed with good ecological benefit.