Effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of pepper | 不同有机肥对辣椒品质和产量的影响

Китайский. 在日光温室条件下，研究投入等量氮磷钾养分的不同有机肥处理对辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)产量及品质的影响，为辣椒合理施肥、优质高效生产提供理论依据。以精选牛角椒为研究对象，施用等量氮磷钾养分的化肥（对照）、猪粪、牛粪、羊粪以及鸡粪，于辣椒结果初期、盛期和末期采样，测定辣椒感观品质、营养品质、安全品质以及产量。在整个结果期，施用有机肥和化肥对辣椒产量的影响无显著差异。施用牛粪的辣椒果形指数变化幅度仅为0.6，保证了辣椒在整个结果期商品一致。牛粪处理的辣椒Vc含量在结果盛期和末期显著高于化肥处理，其可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量在辣椒结果初期和盛期高于羊粪和鸡粪处理。不同有机肥处理辣椒的硝酸盐含量在整个结果期均呈现上升趋势，化肥和4种有机肥的施用均会造成不同程度上的硝酸盐积累，不同施肥处理辣椒结果期的硝酸盐含量表现为：化肥鸡粪羊粪猪粪牛粪，且处理间差异显著，但与单施化肥相比，施用4种有机肥的辣椒硝酸盐含量均显著降低，其中以施用牛粪的辣椒硝酸盐含量最低。施用牛粪可以提高辣椒的Vc含量，提高辣椒的适口性和营养品质；同时可以显著降低辣椒的硝酸盐含量。从营养品质和安全品质角度考虑，最适合辣椒种植的有机肥是牛粪。

Английский. The experiment was to provide a theoretical basis for pepper’s adequate fertilization and efficient production through researching the effect of different organic fertilizers with the equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in solar green house. Using handpicked horn pepper, we measured sensory, nutritional and security quality and yield by applying equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in chemical fertilizer (CK), pig manure, cattle dung, sheep manure and chicken manure at the initial, prosperous and late period of pepper’s fruiting stage. During fruiting stage, applying organic fertilizers and the chemical fertilizer has no effect on the yield of pepper. The variation scope of fruit shape index of applying cattle dung was only 0.6, ensuring the consistency of pepper products at fruiting stage. At the prosperous and late period of pepper’s fruiting stage, the cattle dung treatment was significantly higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment in the content of Vc, and significantly higher than the sheep manure treatment and the chicken manure treatment in the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein at the early and prosperous period of pepper’s fruiting stage. During fruiting stage, pepper’s nitrate content under different organic fertilizers took an ascending trend. In various degrees, chemical fertilizer and 4 organic fertilizers treatments caused significant difference in nitrate accumulation. The data showed: chemical fertilizerchicken manuresheep manurepig manurecattle dung. Compared with the chemical fertilization treatment, organic fertilizer treatments could significantly decrease accumulation of nitrate, especially the cattle dung treatment. Applying cattle dung could increase the content of the pepper’s Vc, enhance the palatability and nutritional quality, decrease the content of the pepper’s nitrate significantly. To assure nutritional quality and safety quality of pepper, cattle dung could be more suitable for growing pepper than other organic fertilizers.