Influence of temperature and moisture conditions of locality on the yield formation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Cerny, I.,, Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic). Katedra Rastlinnej Vyroby | Veverkova, A., Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic). Katedra Rastlinnej Vyroby | Kovar, M.,, Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic). Katedra Fyziologie Rastlin | Pacuta, V., Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic). Katedra Rastlinnej Vyroby | Molnarova, J., Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic). Katedra Rastlinnej Vyroby
Field polyfactorial experiments were realized on fields of the Agricultural Cooperative in Nitrianska Blatnica (Slovak Republic) from 2007 to 2009 (climatic region: warm; climatic sub region: dry; climatic zone: warm, dry with mild winter and long sunshine, altitude 250 m above sea level, brown soil). We observed the influence of both temperature and moisture conditions on sunflower yield of achenes (conventional, medium-late hybrids: NK Brio, NK Armoni). As shown by the analysis of thermodynamic conditions, the maximal yield of achenes was achieved in the year 2008 when the precipitation was 559.5 mm during the vegetation period and the average temperature was 17.1 deg C. The lowest yield was found in 2009 when the precipitation was only 385.8 mm and the average temperature was 18.4 deg C. The difference between the yields was 0.68 t/ha. The value of inner energy was negative for the formation of maximal yield in critical growth periods. In the year of maximal yield, the sunflower showed higher requirements on moisture in July and August than in other months, whereas in the year of minimal yield, it was in May and June.
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