Stady of Atriplex verrucifera autecology in condition of east Azarbaijan.

One of the main problems in recent century is salt marshs and development of them that in some cases were formed by manageless and wrong application of lands. Iran with climatic and geobotanic specific conditions has high potential for salt marsh development. Atriplex verrucifera is an adaptable important pastures species in these lands. This Atriplex is perennial with shrub form that has high susceptibility in domestic auimal gross Production, soil protection and reviral of biological conditions. Considering extent and impoertance of solt marshs and problems of their extension, study about autecology of Atriplex verrucifera was done in three main habitats, northern (Tasuj) and eastern side oflake ( Bonab ) and the border of AJi chai duriug in five years from 1379 to 1383 in order to deter nine appropriate pasture species for protetection, revival and suitable Us age of these lands. In this project were determined below items: habitat areas and presen _ tation of their map, quantitative and qualitative factors of Atriplex, environmental factors and resistance of this species to high salinity and temperature,symbion ecofauna with Atriplex, effective climatic factors in hahitat, sephenology and edaphic factors, symbion species and finally extant relations in developmsnt and undevelopment of Atriplex in natural habitats and study of some factors related to seed technology in lab. Results showed that this species has many habitats (mere than 12) in province and in some case this observed as in the border of a nemogeneus type urmieh lake and Aji chai. This species exists in temperature range from _ 2.5 . to 40 °C and 200 mm minimum rin fall . This sample has special advantages in comparison with other halophyte species from the view point of quantitative characters such as : erect and horizontal vegetation form increase plant tolerance against grazing, it's extensive cover benefit for soil protection. In spite of grazing continuous the fosdder production potential is about 1.3 tonoper hectare. Another advantages of this Atriplex is it's hizogenesis form that has three root forms (shallow,erect,fibrous).Causing plant tolerance to drought stress, grazing and salinity and according to research, roots penetrate more than 1.5 meter. The herb has long vegetation period (more than 9 month ) and germination stage starts from the middle of Esfand month and continues until the end of Azar. For reviral and extension of Atriplex suitable coltivationdeep id one 122 centimeter and according to Phenology and germination tempere experiment, suitable cultivation time is and of Esfan month. The results that suitable seed collection time for the highest viability and seed potential isend of Aban. Atriplex has second place among five important pasture species. The most important pest of Atriplex is chromosomes fischeri that its larva feeds Atriplex root causing Atriplex destruction . This post was reported from o ther in country. Based on the research suitable germination temperature is 10 -15 centigrads and this species is resistant 0 to 350 molar salinity, upper of this range, some characters of Atriplex such as germination and seedling growth were limited. Salt concenterate in the leafs increase with temperature,maximum amount of salt in Tir to Mordad and minimum amount in th e beginning and end of vegetation season. The plant can tolerate up to78.5 ms/cm salinity ,9.4 PH and 8.12 percent humidity hat indicates high resistance poteutial to difficult conditions. According to simple correlation between plant factorsand soil, increasing of plant densiy has positive correlation with soil silt percent and heght plant with sodium amount. Therefere this Atriplex has saitable growth in the silt soil.