Food composition and endemic goiter in Akungba and Oke-Agbe of southwestern Nigeria.
Akindahunsi A.A. | Adewusi S.R.A. | Torimiro S.E.A. | Oke O.L.
The dietary habits of the population of Akungba and Oke-Agbe of the Akoko division in southwestern Nigeria, where goiter is endemic, were surveyed and compared to a nongoitrous population of Erinmo and Ifewara in the Ijesha area. Food samples were collected and analyzed for gross energy, protein, and iodine content. Water and table salt were analyzed for iodine. For breakfast, the typical diet was yam and cassava in Akoko, and maize gruel and rice in the Ijesha area. Lunch and dinner in Akoko were mainly cassava-based; in Erinmo they were yam and Ifewara--breadfruit-based. Diets on a dry weight basis were between 87-138 and 107-142 g for the three main meals in the Akoko and Ijesha areas, respectively, while the mean daily calorie and protein intake was 1473-1483 kcal and 10.7-12.2 g in the Akoko area and 1490-1496 kcal and 11.4-13.0 g in the Ijesha area. Dietary iodine intake was low in all the villages investigated and varied between 6 and 8% of the recommended daily allowance. Rain--the major source of drinking water-also contained low levels of iodine (1.8-2.1 micrograms/l), while water from wells and streams contained intermediate levels, Table salts were disappointedly low in iodine: 0.36-0.40 mg/kg for two samples and 3.00 mg/kg for the "Dicon" brand. Increase in food weight, due to additional carbohydrate content, is accompanied by lower protein and iodine levels. In the Akoko division, where the carbohydrate source is mainly cassava, this could lead to increased serum thiocyanate, a lower iodine intake, and hence goiter.
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