Value of raw soybeans and soybean oil supplementation in sow gestation and lactation diets: a cooperative study.
Yen J.T. | Cromwell G.L. | Allee G.L. | Calvert C.C. | Crenshaw T.D. | Miller E.R.
A cooperative study using 215 sows during two parities (349 litters) was conducted at six stations to determine the effect of raw soybeans in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Sows were bred and allotted to fortified corn diets containing either soybean meal (control) or raw soybeans. A corn-soybean meal-soybean oil diet, isocaloric to the raw soybean diet, was included as a third treatment at three stations. All diets contained 14% CP. These diets were fed during both gestation and lactation through two parities. The daily gestation feed intake ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 kg/sow, depending on station. During lactation, the sows were allowed ad libitum access to their respective diets. Gestational weight gain was not influenced by diet, but sows fed raw soybeans consumed less (P < .01) feed during lactation and had greater (P < .01) lactational weight loss and their pigs were lighter in weight (P < .05) both at 21 d and at weaning (varied between 3 and 5 wk of age). Sows fed the diet with supplemental oil had reproductive and lactational performance similar to those fed the control diet. Milk obtained at d 10 to 14 of lactation from sows fed raw soybeans had lower (P < .05) protein content than milk from sows fed the other two diets, but fat content of the milk tended to be increased by raw soybeans or by added soybean oil. Return to estrus was not affected by diet. We conclude that feeding raw soybeans as the only source of supplemental protein during gestation had no deleterious effect on reproductive performance of gilts or sows through two parities, but this diet reduced feed intake, increased sow lactational weight loss and reduced pig weaning weights when it was fed during lactation.
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