Characterization of the nutritional interactions between organic acids and inorganic bases in the pig and chick.
Krause D.O. | Harrison P.C. | Easter R.A.
Four experiments were conducted to characterize the interactions between fumaric (FA), malic (MA), or citric acid (CA) and NaHCO3. In two experiments, seven diets were formulated containing 2.5% FA, MA, and CA, with or without 2.3, 1.9, or 1.4% NaHCO3, respectively, as well as a control diet (no addition of organic acids or NaHCO3) for 28-d-old pigs (Exp. 1, corn-soy protein concentrate-based diet) and 1-wk-old chicks (Exp. 4, corn-soy-based diet). In Exp. 1, at 2 and 4 wk, the FA + NaHCO3 treatment resulted in greater average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (ADFI) compared with the control (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 28-d-old pigs were fed corn-soy diets with 0.9, 1.6, and 2.3% NaHCO3 in addition to 2.5% FA. After wk 2, there was a quadratic response in ADG (P < 0.08) and ADFI (P < 0.05) when increasing levels of NaHCO3 were added to the diet. This was true at wk 4 for both ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05). In Exp. 3, finishing pigs were fed corn-soy diets containing 2.5% FA or 2.5% FA + 2.3% NaHCO3 added to a control diet. No effect (P < 0.05) of FA or NaHCO3 was observed. In Exp. 4, the combination of CA + NaHCO3 or MA + NaHCO3 was superior to FA + NaHCO3 for ADG (P < 0.08) and ADFI (P < 0.05) when fed to young chicks.
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