A perspective of research needs for nonirrigated tropical conditions.
1988
Kohli M.M. | McMahon M.A.
The research needs of the nonirrigated tropical wheat areas are discussed taking the Southern Cone of South America as an example. The wheat crop is the single most economic alternative for the winter cycle of this region, primarily in rotation with soybeans and maize. The environmental stresses, such as unpredictable climate, higher temperature regime, lower solar radiation, and drought are discussed and the consideration of these within a breeding program is analyzed. In addition, the role of soil problems, pre-harvest sprouting, diseases, and insect pests in developing high-yielding and stable germplasm for this region is considered. The analysis demonstrates a need to maintain the wide adaptation base of the germplasm for above-mentioned characteristics and the merits of the multilocation testing system. From the crop management standpoint, the lack of moisture at different crop stages is seen as the most limiting factor. The use of minimum tillage for moisture conservation, reduced soil compaction, and erosion is discussed. The removal of soil chemical barriers through amelioration is seen as essential to improve the root penetration and to increase water use efficiency.
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