A pequena agricultura e o seu condicionamento geo-historico.

Французский. Cette communication soutient le point de vue suivant lequel la romanisation de l' Europe et l' establissement des relations de colonisation que Rome a impose, auraient donne naissance au systeme rigide de "possesison - usage de la terre" qui se trouve a la base de la formation et de la resistance plusieurs siecles durant de la "petite agriculture" en Europe et donc au Portugal, avec des particularites que lui sont propres. A l' origine, la fixation de l' appareil foncier, qui au cours des siecles devrait structurer la petite production agricole, aurait ete la consequence de toute premiere concession de la terre en possession privee a certains titulaires dans le cadre de l' etat centralise commercial romain. Cette possession privee de la terre, en tant que norme juridique, aurait ete imposee en vue du developpement des relations de colonisation jusqu' a present. L' hypothese exposee permettra de considerer la continuite de l' existence d' une "petite agriculture" sucessivement de servage, de capitalisme mercantil et de capitalisme industriel, sans que le systeme ait connu de vraies transformations.

Английский. In this paper the author sustains the thesis that the Romanization of Europe and the establishment of colonization relationship imposed by Rome gave rise to the land ownership - use system characterized by rigid structures and institutions and which was the basis for the emerging of the centuries-long struggle of "smallholding agriculture" in Europe and consequently in Portugal with its particular characteristics. At the very beginning the agrarian organization (which in the course of time gave shape to small agricultural production) was the result of the primitive grants of land to private owners within the framework of the Roman centralized commercial state. Up to the present time the private ownership of land, as a legal precept, has been enforced with the purpose of developing the colonization relationship. Hence, the thesis supported here admits that the sucessively servile, mercantile-capitalistic and industrial-capitalistic "smallholding agriculture" has existed without the productive system having to go through any basic changes.