Soil moisture conservations influenced by different tillage practices and fertilizer rates under fallow-wheat system in Mushaqqar region of Jordan [chisel; duck foot; spike tooth; grain and straw yields in Mg/ha; botanical yield; 1000 kernel weight in gr.; number of tillers and heads].
1989
Kharouf M.A.K.
A split-split plot design was used with moldboard and chisel plow followed by sweeping as main treatments, and unweeded fallow, disk, duck foot and spike tooth harrow as sub treatments, each split into two sub-sub treatments - fertilized and unfertilized wheat. Fallowing with duck foot or spike tooth for wheat control resulted in higher soil moisture content in the upper 150 cm soil layer: 427 and 426 mm. respectively, than disk harrow or unweeded fallow: 329 and 331 mm. However, all fallow treatments resulted in moisture content below the permanent wilting point down to 90 cm. soil depth. Moisture storage from rainfall of following season in fallowed soil decreased as the soil moisture content of the end of the fallow season increased. No significant differences in soil moisture storage during the growing season were detected between chisel and moldboard tillage: 376 and 387 mm. Chisel and moldboard plows resulted in the same amount of soil moisture depletion: 378 and 377 mm., while depletion was significantly higher in fertilized than unfertilized wheat treatments: 394 and 360 mm. About 60 to 69 % of the total water used by wheat crop, occurred during the stem extension and heading-flowering growth stages. Wheat yield was highest after the duck foot fallow, and lowest after unweeded fallow. Both fallows were significantly different from spike tooth and disk harrows which gave intermediate yields. However, yields between moldboard and chisel showed no significant differences; yields were significantly higher in fertilized than unfertilized plots. Best yields were obtained from land tilled fallow by duck foot, than tilled in the fall by chisel, than sweep for seedbed preparation, or tilled in the fall by molboard, in addition to fertilizer (4.11 and 3.64 Mg/ha, respectively).
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