Le paludisme urbain a Yaounde, Cameroun. Etude entomologique dans deux quartiers centraux.
1992
Manga L. | Robert V. | Messi J. | Desfontaine M. | Carnevale P.
A longitudinal entomological study on agressive mosquitoes and malaria transmission has been carried out into two central districts in Yaounde (Cameroon) from April 1989 to March 1990. The Essos district is built near marshy shallows. The Obili district is comparable to Essos, but there are many poorly maintained fish breeding pounds, covered with aquatic vegetation. Mosquitoes were sampled by night-collections on human bait in the houses twice monthly in each district. In Essos, one person receives about 4000 mosquito bites per year. Four species of mosquitoes are collected: Culex quinquefasciatus (84 per cent), Mansonia (9 per cent), Anopheles gambiae (6 per cent) and A. funestus (1 per cent). The average of parous females of Anopheles gambiae is 78 per cent over 51 dissections. The sporozoite rate is 5.2 per cent (58 dissections) and the entomological inoculation rate is 13 infective bites per person per year. Transmission is observed only in the small rainy season from April to June. Permanent transmission however is not excluded. The small number of mosquitoes did not allow to precise this point. In Obili, the yearly biting rate is 7000. A. funestus is absent and the proportion of A. gambiae is very low (1 per cent). 9 A. gambiae are parous over 11 dissections. No salivary gland has been found positive over 16 dissections; however, the sporozoite rate can be estimated to 4 per cent and the entomological inoculation rate to 3 infective bites per person per year. The fish breeding pounds do not seem to increase anopheline density nor malaria transmission, but the high agressivity of Mansonia (49 per cent) is linked with aquatic vegetation due to poor maintenance of the pounds.
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