A consideration related to responses of water in stratified soil to rainfalls.
1992
Muto I.
Water in the stratified soil responds to an abundant rainfall within a short time. Movements and retension of water in soil layers sedimented alternatively in five strata with the coarse-grained soil and the fine-grained soil under the ground covered with the volcanic ash soil, were studied, and the following was noted as the result: (1) Capillary water in the stratified soil is formed on the bottom of the volcanic ash soil layer when the fine-grained soil layer is followed by the coarse-grained soil layer. Abundant water infiltrated due to a heavy rain makes the force of capillary water in the stratified soil unbalanced, to transfer moisture into the first coarse-grained soil layer preceding the infiltrated water. (2) Water infiltrated into the first coarse-grained soil layer arrives at the first fine-grained soil layer below in a short time due to the low water retentivity of the coarse-grained soil layer. When abundant water is infiltrated continuously, it gathers in the first coarse-grained soil layer to form the capillary supported moisture. Depending on rain falls the groundwater is formed. Hydraulic continuity of the first coarse-grained soil layer followed by the first fine-grained soil layer is strengthened by the capillary supported moisture, which increases the pressure potential. Thus, water in the first coarse-grained soil layer and the first fine-grained soil layer moves into the following second coarse-grained soil layer onward in a short time. The same course of water transmission as stated above is noted on the second coarse-grained soil layer followed by the second fine-grained soil layer and the third coarse-grained soil layer onwards. In addition, the gravitational water contained intermittently in the soil is assumed to become the continuous one being extruded below by heavy rains. The above-strated transmission of water is considered to bring a prompt response of the stratified soil moisture due to a heavy rainfall.
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