Limbah rumah potong hewan di Kabupaten Pamekasan: Baseline study tentang penanganan dan pemanfaatannya.

Английский. A study has been conducted in the slaughtering house of Pamekasan district (i.e.: Blumbungan, Kota, Waru, Panglengaan dan Pakong) in November 1995, to find out the handling and use of their waste products. The method used was a survey conducted by observation and interview, as well as chemical analysis of waste samples. Samples of solid waste were collected in random from waste disposal area, while samples of liquid waste were collected from the trench near the slaughtering points and from the end of the trenches. The average of water, protein, fat and mineral contents of new solid waste were : 82.47; 2.45; 0.56 and 1.66 percents respectively, the solid waste which has been piled for about one week contained 78.43; 2.70; 0.63 and 2.10 percents; while liquid waste contained 90.74; 4.30; 1.61 and 0.71 percents of those substances, with Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of 262.90 and 946.40 mg/l. The solid waste was composted just by heaping it outside the slaughtering house. Sometimes some of the compost was picked up by some farmers. The liquid waste was drained directly to the river or to the surrounding land. It was concluded that : (i) the solid and liquid wastes from the slaughtering houses in Pamekasan district have not been processed properly and have not been utilized well, (ii) BOD dan COD values of the liquid waste disposed to the river was too high and did not meet the standard, (iii) based on their quantity and their nutrition contents, both of the wastes had a promising prospect of being processed using Humus Biogas System (HBS). It was recommended that the wastes of the slaughtering houses would be processed using HBS to produce liquid fertilizer, animal feed supplement, solid fertilizer and biogas, simultaneously, so that they will not pollute the environment and the use of the wastes could be maximized. The budget needed, the design of the respective HBS and a training of the HBS operators should be considered.

Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan di RPH Blumbungan, Kota, Waru, Panglengaan dan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan pada bulan Nopember 1995, untuk mengetahui penanganan dan pemanfaatan limbah pemotongan sapi. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dipakai sebagai bahan pertimbangan alternatif penanganan limbah dari RPH yang lebih berdaya guna dan berhasil guna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai dengan observasi dan wawancara, maupun analisis sampel limbah. Materi penelitian berupa limbah padat diambil secara acak dari empat penampungan dan limbah cair diambil dari parit di sekitar tempat penyembelihan serta di muara saluran pembuangannya. Limbah padat ternyata hanya dionggokkan di sekitar RPH, kadang-kadang diambil untuk pupuk. Limbah cair langsung dialirkan ke sungai atau ke pekarangan di sekitarnya. Hasil analisis proksimat menunjukkan rata-rata kadar air, protein, lemak dan mineral dalam limbah padat yang baru, berturut-turut sebagai berikut: 82,47; 2,45; 0,56 dan 1,66 persen; dalam limbah padat yang telah disimpan sekitar 1 minggu adalah: 78,43; 23,70; 0,63 dan 2,10 persen; dalam limbah cair adalah: 90,74; 4,30; 1,61 dan 0,71; dengan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sebesar 262,90 dan 946,40 mg/l. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah bahwa: (i) limbah padat maupun cair belum mendapatkan penanganan yang memadai dan belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal, (ii) BOD dan COD limbah yang dibuang ke perairan umum tidak memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair, (iii) jumlah dan kandungan nutrisi dalam limbah cair dan padat memungkinkan untuk diproses dengan Humus Biogas System (HBS). Disarankan agar limbah RPH diolah secara simultan menjadi pupuk cair, pakan ternak dan gas-bio menggunakan HBS. Untuk itu perlu dipikirkan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang rancang bangun peralatan dan dana yang diperlukan, serta pelatihan bagi para calon operator HBS.