Biotechnology and sustainable agriculture
2009
Pešić, V., Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade - Zemun (Serbia) | Janković, P., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Niš (Serbia)
It is widely understood that agricultural production is based on the exploitation of natural, primarily biological, chemical and physical resources. Thus, the soil (lithosphere) represents the physical source, i.e. the foundation for cultivation of cereals, field crops, fruit - and vine growing. Furthermore, it represents the chemical source supplying the crops with an adequate amount of both major and trace elements and other nutrients. Indirectly, it is also a source of the nutrients required in livestock production. According to the EU reports in the year 2020 agricultural production is expected to meet the food population needs. By the year 2050 the population will rapidly grow from 7 billion to about 9.5 billion. However, in trying to produce more and more food, there is a growing danger of exhausting the sources. The exhaustion of the sources may pose a threat to agricultural production. Therefore, major emphasis today is placed on sustainable agriculture, i.e. sustainable natural resources for exploitation. Thus, agricultural production is expected to preserve biodiversity and an equilibrium in the biosphere, i.e. enabling the survival of genetic resources of both animal and plant origin, contributing to their adaptability and future use in food production. Moreover, agricultural production is expected to preserve and protect current genetic varieties within an agricultural ecosystem favouring the survival of animal and plant species, races, strains and cultivars adaptable to all growing conditions, resistant to diseases, i.e. high yielding under different ecogeographic conditions. By applying modern biotechnological methods and techniques, constant food production can be provided both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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