Acetylcholine and cholinesterase in relation to pesticides and their morphogenetic roles (A review)
2011
Šťavová, Ľ., University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice (Slovak Republic) | Krešáková, L.
Xenobiotics are exogenous foreign substances having different effects on living organisms. One group of xenobiotics consists of agrochemicals, which includes pesticides that can be related to many health disorders. Agrochemicals used in agriculture, include a broad range of products. Some are used for the nutrition of plants or for the protection of fruits, while others involve the protection and nutrition of animals. Agrochemicals in the liver (through detoxification) can be transformed into reactive compounds with mutagenic, carcinogenic or teratogenic effects (the so-called biotransformations). Pesticides have significantly high biological activity and they are distributed worldwide. They have been exposed to large populations of living organisms in many different environments. The toxic effects of pesticides often are specific to certain species and they pose dangers to human health and both domestic and wild animals. The annual application of synthetic pesticides to food crops in the EU exceeds 140,000 tones, an amount that corresponds to 280 grammes per EU citizen per year.Many pesticides mainly insecticides) are utilized, along with cholinesterase inhibitors, which have an intimate relationship to animal morphogenesis. Carbamate pesticides are cholinesterase inhibitors and can cause the reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
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