Irrigation planning with environmental considerations : a case study of Pakistan's Indus Basin
Ahmad, Masood | Kutcher, Gary P.
The intention of this study is not to criticize the Water Sector Investment Plan (WSIP). The authors view it as a step forward in a highly precarious and delicate planning situation. The authors' main concern is with the implications for the environment of the Indus Basin, particularly with regard to the waterlogging and salinity problem. A large scale mathematical programming model of the Basin's agricultural activities and water resource constraints (the Indus Basin Model Revised - IBMR) was employed to help estimate the benefits, and ensure consistency among any planned projects. The IMBR is used to project the impact of individual projects on the watertable, and to judge the implications for water availability. The report reviews the present situation and that projected to prevail in the year 2000 as simulated by the IBMR. The authors examine the environmental implications of the present situation and that projected for 2000. They also examine the sources of salinity buildup in groundwater and soils. The effectiveness of alternative projects to deal with waterlogging and salinity e.g. drainage, water allocation policies, canal remodeling, and watercourse improvements (so-called on-farm water management) are tested. The report concludes with a recommended package of investments plus associated water management policies which will both improve the performance of the WSIP program and reduce the deterioration of the basin's soils and groundwater resources.
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