Influence of the formula of organic waste substrate from crop production on growth and yield of tomato | 农业废弃有机物基质配方对番茄生长及产量的影响

Китайский. 筛选以农业有机废弃物为原料的番茄栽培有机基质配方，为番茄有机基质栽培提供技术支撑。将稻壳、玉米秸秆、玉米芯、麦糠、菇渣分别腐熟后，按不同体积比组成A~E 5种复合有机栽培基质：A(V（玉米秸秆）∶V（麦糠）∶V（菇渣）=2∶5∶3)、B (V（稻壳）∶V（玉米芯）∶V（菇渣）=5∶2∶3)、C (V（稻壳）∶V（玉米秸_秆）∶V（菇渣）=5∶2∶3）、D(V（稻壳）∶V（玉米芯)∶V（菇渣)=3∶2∶5）、E (V（玉米芯）∶V（麦糠）∶V（菇渣）=2∶3∶5），以常规有机生态型栽培基质 (V（草炭）∶V（珍珠岩）=2∶1）为对照（CK），以“金棚一号”番茄品种为试材，分析不同配方基质的理化性状及对番茄生长和产量的影响。各配方有机基质的速效氮含量显著低于CK，速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于CK，体积质量、EC值和pH值基本都在番茄栽培适宜的范围内，总孔隙度偏低。各处理番茄株高、茎粗、地上部及根的鲜质量和干质量、单果质量、单株果数、单株产量、小区产量均以基质B最大，与CK无显著性差异；其次是基质C，基质E总体表现较差。基质B的理化性状适宜番茄生长，用其栽培的番茄株高、茎粗、生物量及产量等均与CK无显著性差异，可以替代以草炭为主要组分的有机生态型栽培基质。

Английский. The research was conducted to screen the formula of organic substrate based on the organic waste of crop production to set technical support for organic substrate cultivation of tomato. Rice husk, corn straw, corn cob, wheat husk and wasted edible fungi culture medium were fermented separately and then composed to five multiple formula of organic substrates in volume proportion. The compositions were A (V(corn straw)∶V(wheat husk)∶V(wasted edible fungi culture medium)=2∶5∶3), B(V(rice husk)∶V(corn cob)∶V(wasted edible fungi culture medium)=5∶2∶3), C(V(rice husk)∶V(corn straw)∶V(wasted edible fungi culture medium)=5∶2∶3), D(V(rice husk)∶V(corn cob)∶V(wasted edible fungi culture medium)=3∶2∶5) and E (V(corn cob)∶V(wheat husk)∶V(wasted edible fungi culture medium)=2∶3∶5). Taking the typical organic ecotype substrate (V (peat)∶V(perlite)=2∶1) as the control (CK) and tomato cv. Jinpeng No.1 as the test plant, the physical and chemical property of the substrates and growth and yield of tomato were investigated. The available nitrogen content in all organic substrate treatments is significantly lower but available phosphor and potassium significantly higher than that in CK. The unit weight, EC value and pH value of all organic substrate treatments are on the whole in the fitting range of tomato growth except that the total porosity is on the low side. The plant height, stem diameter, fresh mass and dry mass of tops and roots, single fruit weight, fruit number per plant, yield per plant and yield per plot of treatment B are the highest among all the treatments, close to or showing no significant difference with CK. Treatment C is just next to treatment B, however treatment E appears relatively poor. The physical and chemical property of the substrate treatment B fits the growth of tomato. There is no significant difference between treatment B and CK on plant height, stem diameter, biomass and yield of tomato. Therefore treatment B is thought to be the best substitute organic substrate formula to CK which is mainly made up of peat.