Research on drought resistance on anatomical structure of leaves of two new poplar clones | 2个杨树新无性系叶片的旱生结构研究

Китайский. 以叶片解剖结构为评价指标，比较2个新培育的杨树无性系抗旱能力的强弱，为其适生范围的确定和生产推广提供依据。采用常规石蜡切片法，对2个杨树新无性系02-9-22和02-12-29（选用父本84K杨、母本I-101杨和毛白杨-30作为对照）的叶片上下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织、叶片组织结构紧密度、叶片组织结构疏松度等叶片解剖结构进行观察、测量；使用模糊数学的隶属函数法对抗旱性进行综合评价。2个杨树新无性系与对照种叶片的解剖结构特征明显不同。各杨树无性系（种）的叶片厚度、叶片上表皮细胞厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片下表皮厚度和叶片组织结构疏松度分别变化于162.73～245.52 μm，10.30～17.32 μm，71.58～116.34 μm，41.10～96.05 μm，7.72～12.73 μm和25.25%～48.24%，以上各指标均表现为02-12-29杨显著大于02-9-22杨；栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度的比值及叶片组织结构紧密度分别介于0.77～2.58和37.14%～65.26%，此2项指标表现为02-9-22杨大于02-12-29杨，且差异显著。采用抗旱性隶属函数法，综合评价所得各杨树无性系（种）的旱生能力强弱依次为：02-12-29杨＞84K杨＞I-101杨＞02-9-22杨＞毛白杨-30。以叶片解剖结构为评价指标研究得出，新无性系02-12-29杨叶片结构对干旱环境的适应能力优于02-9-22杨。

Английский. The study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the ability of drought resistance on two new poplar clones based on the anatomical structure of leaf, and the result could provide a theoretical basis for their cultivation. Anatomical structure of leaves of two new clones, their parents and P. tomentosa30 were observed by applying the paraffin method. Eight drought resistance indexes including thickness of leaf blade, thickness of upper and lower epidermis, thickness of palisade tissue, thickness of spongy tissue, and so on, were measured. And then a comprehensive evaluation on drought resistance of them was given by the method of subordinate function. The results showed that the anatomical structures of leaves were definitely different. The thickness of leaf blade was arranged from 162.73 to 245.52 μm, upper epidermis from 10.30 to 17.32 μm, palisade tissue from 71.58 to 116.34 μm, spongy tissue from 41.10 to 96.05 μm, lower epidermis from 7.72 to 12.73 μm, SR between 25.25% and 48.24%, so 02-12-29 had significant disparity compared with 02-9-22 in all of the above indexes; the ratio of the palisade tissue and spongy tissue was between 0.77 and 2.58, CTR between 37.14% and 65.26%, so 02-9-22 had significant disparity compared with 02-12-29.The drought resistance capability of five poplar decreased in order of 02-12-29, 84K, P. alba, 02-9-22, P. tomentosa 30. Based on the anatomical structure of leaves, 02-12-29 is more active than 02-9-22 if planted in drought condition.