Effect of different covering ways on the soil nutrition and fruit quality in Dangshansu pear garden | 不同覆盖方式对砀山酥梨园土养分及果实品质的影响

Китайский. 探讨地面覆盖对砀山酥梨园土壤养分含量及果实品质的影响。在安徽省砀山县某砀山酥梨园中，设置覆盖地膜、人工生草（人工种植毛叶苕子）、覆盖稻草与清耕（对照）4种处理，分别于试验进行的第3年和第5年，采集0～15 cm和15～45 cm土层土样及成熟后果实样品，测定土壤养分含量及果实的内、外品质，研究不同覆盖方式对梨园土壤养分及果实品质的影响。覆盖第5年与第3年相比，土壤养分大部分指标有所提高；试验第5年，在15～45 cm土层，人工生草和覆盖稻草处理土壤速效磷含量分别较对照提高了33.51%和65.52%。试验第5年，覆盖地膜处理的果点密度比对照降低了6.29%，石细胞总含量降低了16.75%；覆盖稻草处理果点密度比对照提高了13.62%，石细胞总含量提高了28.17%；人工生草和覆盖稻草处理砀山酥梨单果果锈总面积分别比对照升高了38.14%和96.91%。以上指标差异均达显著水平(P0.05)。砀山酥梨园地表覆盖方式以人工生草和覆盖稻草为佳。

Английский. The research was conducted to investigate the effect of ground covering on soil nutrition and fruit quality. Four treatments of soil-film covering, artificial grass, haulm covering and cleanly planting were performed in five successive years at the ‘Dangshansu’ pear gardens in Dangshan, Anhui. The results suggested that most soil nutrition parameters of the fifth year were greatly improved when compared with that of the third year. On the fifth year, under the two treatments of artificial grass and haulm covering, the potassium contents in these two treatments were increased by respectively 33.51% and 65.52% between the 10 and 30 cm soil layer. And also on the fifth year, the main changed parameters that affected the quality of ‘Dangshansu’ pear were: the density of fruit spots and the number stone cells content were decreased by 6.29% and 16.75%, respectively, compared with the controls, and the two parameters were increased by 13.62% and 28.17%, respectively, in the treatment of haulm covering. Artificial cultivation of Vetch and rice straw mulching of ‘Dangshansu’ pear fruit rust were higher than control by 38.14%, 96.91%. The parameters described above were significantly different compared with the untreated control (P0.05). Generally speaking, the most available covering ways to improve the soil nutrition, fruit quality and production were artificial grass and haulm covering in mature ‘Dangshansu’ pear gardens.