Effects of substrates with different components on plug seedlings of tomato | 不同配比基质对番茄穴盘苗品质的影响

Китайский. 对不同配比基质的理化性质及其对番茄幼苗生长和生理指标的影响进行综合分析，从中筛选出番茄穴盘育苗的适宜基质。以番茄为试验材料，以腐熟的玉米秸秆、牛粪、草炭和蛭石为原料，按不同体积比配制6种基质进行为期60 d的穴盘育苗，测定苗期生长生理指标及基质理化性质，运用灰色关联法对各基质的育苗效果进行综合分析。不同配比基质对番茄幼苗生长和生理指标的影响存在显著差异，其中以基质T5(V(牛粪)∶V(秸秆)∶V(草炭)∶V(蛭石)=5∶1∶2∶2)的理化性质较优，其容重为0.389 g/cm3，总孔隙度为75.837%，pH 7.32，EC 2.06 mS/cm，所育幼苗的生长与生理指标也基本优于其他基质，试验结束时，其株高、全株干质量、壮苗指数、根系活力、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白均高于其他复配基质,与对照(V(草炭)∶V(蛭石)=2∶1)相当。用腐熟的牛粪、玉米秸秆、草炭、蛭石复配（体积比5∶1∶2∶2）的基质进行番茄育苗，育苗品质可以达到对照水平，与对照相比，可降低草炭用量46.7%。

Английский. A comprehensive analysis on the physicochemical properties of different substrates analyzed the growth and physiological parameters of tomato seedlings to screen the most suitable substrate for hole tray seeding. Using the decomposed corn stalks, cow dung, peat, and vermiculite as raw materials, 6 kinds of substrates with different proportions of componets were used to cultivate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plug seedlings with a 60 d period. In different stages of seedlings, the growth, physiological indexes and the physical and chemical properties of substrates were measured. Grey correlation method was used to do comprehensive analysis. The results showed that substrates with different proportions of componets on tomato seedlings growth and physiological indices were significantly different from each other. T5 (cattle∶straw∶peat∶vermiculite=5∶1∶2∶2, by volume) in the physical and chemical properties of the substrate was the best with a density of 0.389 g/cm3, a total porosity of 75.837%, a pH of 7.32, and a EC of 2.06 mS/cm. At the end of test on seedlings, plant height, plant dry weight, seedling index, root activity, water soluble sugar and soluble protein of the tomato seedlings were significantly higher than other treatments, but equivalent to the control group (peat∶vermiculite=2∶1, volume ratio). The treatment that blended substratewith corn straws, cow dung, peat, and vermiculite (by a volume ratio of 5∶1∶2∶2) can reach the level of control group while reducing the amount of peat by 46.7%.