Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Six Yak(Bos grunniens) Populations Using Microsatellite Markers in Gansu Province | 甘肃境内6个牦牛群体微卫星标记遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

Китайский. 为了研究甘肃境内牦牛(Bos grunniens)群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构，促进甘肃境内牦牛群体遗传资源的合理利用和保护，研究采用微卫星标记技术检测了甘肃境内6个牦牛群体(240头个体)15个微卫星座位的等位基因。结果共检测到了146个等位基因，其中在玛曲牦牛群体检测到的等位基因数最多(106个)，天祝白牦牛群体最少(74个)。期望杂合度(He)、观察杂合度(Ho)和多态信息含量(PIC)的分析结果表明，6个牦牛群体中来自于合作市的3个牦牛群体的遗传多样性较丰富，而天祝白牦牛、肃南牦牛和天祝牦牛群体的遗传多样性相对较低。DA遗传距离和Nei氏标准遗传距离(DS)的分析结果以及DA和DS遗传距离构建的NJ系统树的分析结构均表明，玛曲牦牛、碌曲牦牛和夏河牦牛群体具有较近的亲缘关系，说明这3个群体可能具有相同的原始祖先。天祝白牦牛、肃南牦牛和天祝牦牛群体的遗传距离较近，另为一类，可能来源于相同的原始祖先。主成分分析和遗传结构推导分析的结果与系统树的分类结果一致，研究将甘肃境内的6个牦牛群体分为两个类群，分类结果与其地理分布具有一致性。

Английский. In order to study the yak (Bos grunniens) populations' genetic diversity and genetic structure and promote the rational use and protection of the yak populations genetic resources in Gansu Province, 15 microsatellite markers were used to detect six yak populations (240 individuals). The results showed that146 alleles were found in 15 microsatellite loci, in which allele number (106) in Maqu yak population was highest, and that in Tianzhu white yak was at least (74). The analysis of polymorphism information content(PIC), expected heterozygosity(He) and observe heterozygosity(Ho) indicated that the genetic diversity of 3 yak populations from Hezuo city were rich, but the genetic diversity of Tianzhu white yak, Tianzhu yak and Sunan yak population were relatively low. DA genetic distanceand Nei's standard genetic distance (DS) and the phylogenetic tree constructed by DA and DS genetic distance and NJ method showed that the relationship of Maqu yak, Luqu yak and Xiahe yak were very near, which indicated that the 3 populations might have the same ancestors. But the genetic distance of Tianzhu While yak, Tianzhu yak and Sunan yak populations were near, they might have the same ancestors. The results of classification in principal component analysis and genetic structure analysis were same with the phylogenetic tree, the 6 yak populations were divided into two clusters, and consisted with the geographic distribution of the 6 populations.