Studies on the activities of three kinds of soil enzyme, organic matters, microbes and the yields and quality of apple in different tree-aged apple orchards in loess plateau | 黄土高原不同苹果园土壤酶、有机质、微生物及树体产量品质的调查研究

Китайский. 测定了黄土高原苹果主栽区洛川县6个苹果园土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性、土壤有机质的含量和微生物数量,调查了6个果园土壤微生物的分布情况,并对土壤酶活性、土壤有机质含量、土壤微生物数量及与苹果品质的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:①6个果园三种土壤酶活性均随着土层剖面加深呈现下降趋势。在0~20 cm土层范围酶活性较高,20 cm土层以下开始迅速下降，之后趋势减缓。②6个果园土壤有机质含量较低,平均为0.945%。③不同树龄果园微生物总量的变化为:盛果期果园(15 a)老龄期果园(20 a)幼龄期果园(7 a),微生物类群数量的分布规律为:细菌放线菌真菌,其中细菌和真菌的数量相差100倍以上。不同树龄的果园随着土层的深入,土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌在数量上均呈现出减少的趋势。0~20 cm的表层土是菌群分布比较集中的区域。④有机质与脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶均呈正向相关,r值分别为0.400、0.565和0.788,且三种酶之间也有很强的相关性。⑤三种土壤酶、土壤有机质、土壤微生物与苹果品质的5个指标之间均呈正相关,说明这三类因素可以影响苹果品质。

Английский. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, invertase, soil organic matters and soil microbes were measured in 6 different apple orchards of Luochuan County in Loess plateau. The correlation of the content of soil organic matter, soil enzymes activity, soil microbes and apple quality was analyzed. The results showed that: ①The activities of the three kinds of soil enzyme in different orchards all present a descending trend with soil depth. The activities of enzyme are relatively higher in the soil ranging from 0 to 20 cm; however the activities decrease rapidly when the depth is below 20 cm, and then the downtrend is flat. ②The soil organic matters of the six apple orchards are lower, and the mean is 0.945%. ③The numbers of microbes in different aged trees orchard can be showed as: middle-aged orchard(15 a)old-aged orchard(20 a)small-aged orchard(7 a). The distributing characteristic of the number of microbes in different aged trees orchard is: bacteriaactinomycefungi. The difference between the number of bacteria and fungi is more than 100 times. The number of microbes in surface soil (0~20 cm) is the highest, and diminishes by the deepening of the soil profile, with a significant vertical distribution. ④Organic matters show a positive correlation with the activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase. The values of r are 0.400, 0.565 and 0.788, respectively. The three kinds of enzyme have shown a strong correlation each other. ⑤Enzymes activity, organic matters and soil microbes show a positive correlation with the apple quality.