Effects of renewal pruning on shoot development and crown structure of the aging Fuji apple tree | 更新修剪对衰老‘富士’苹果枝条生长及树冠结构的影响

Китайский. 为探寻更新修剪对衰老期‘富士’苹果枝条生长及树冠结构的影响,以长放修剪为对照,测定了枝条生长动态、树冠结构及果实产量和品质。结果表明：不同修剪的发育枝和果台副梢生长动态均为单峰曲线。更新修剪的发育枝长度和粗度分别增加了63.92%和20.93%,果台副梢分别增加了51.14%和9.76%;相同树冠体积徒长枝,长、中枝和营养枝的数量分别增加了132.93%、82.59%、54.47%和76.84%,短枝、叶丛枝和结果枝分别降低了28.84%、31.57%和22.64%;单株树冠体积缩小了14.53%,枝条总量降低了27.82%;叶面积指数、平均叶倾角和消光系数分别提高了9.64%、153.22%和2.97%,冠层开度降低了13.15%;单果质量和产量分别提高了23.61%和30.02%,但对果实食用品质无显著影响。

Английский. This paper is concerned on the effects of renewal pruning on shoot growth and crown structure of the aging Fuji apple tree.The long-branch pruning was used as control.The measured parameters were included shoot growth dynamics,crown structure change,fruit yields and quality.The results showed that both newly-developed shoots and lateral shoots of bearing part of different treatments were of character with a single growth peak.The length and diameter of the newly-developed shoots due to pruning were increased by 63.92% and 20.93% respectively,whereas by 51.14% and 9.76% respectively for the lateral shoots of bearing part.In same crown size,the numbers of water branch,long and medium branch and foliage branch were increased by 132.93%,82.59%,54.47% and 76.84% respectively,but short branch,leafage branch and fruit branch by 28.84%,31.57% and 22.64% respectively.However,the canopy of the pruned tree was reduced by 14.53%.Total number of branches was also reduced by 27.82%.Leaf area index,average foliar obliquity and extinction coefficient were increased by 9.64%、153.22% and 2.97% respectively.The canopy openness was reduced by 13.15%.The fruit weight and fruit yields were increased by 23.61% and 30.02% respectively.The renewal pruning had no significant effect on fruit eating quality.