Investigation and Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics and adaptation of potato, based on germplasm grouping

In order to evaluate of adaptability of commercial potato germplasm in different climates for selecting the best of them for various purposes, six experiments were conducted . The results of project showed as following: 1-Investigation and evaluation of new hybrid potato deed Five hybrid potato seed progenies which were introduced from International Potato Center (CIP) were sown in seed trays or pots and then transplanted in farm in five leaves stage. Soil composition of Nursary was equal volume of sheep-manure,compost and fine sand. Experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Each plot was consisted of two rows and row length was 6 meters. Plant density was 25 * 75 centimeters. Accession nombers of Hps progenies were : 994001,994002,994013,994014 and IP88006. All progenies were grown in Karaj,Khorasan,Ardebil and Booshehr Research Centers. Means of evaluated traits showed that progeny of 994002 is better than other progenies. Yield of superior progeny (994002) was 18.55 tons per hectar and the uniformity of its tubers for shape,size,flesh colour and skin co lour was better than others. Nevertheless, all progenies had divesity; for morphological and qualitative characteristics. 2-Comppairing the seed tubers derived from TPS progenies versus Agria variety In order to study on usage value of potato tubers derived from true potato seed (TPS) progenies as tuber seed, an experiment was conducted in two locations, two year and with five TPS progenies and one conventional cultivar as check. All experiments were planted based on RCBD design with four replication. The resualts of Karaj showed that Agria had significantly higher total and marketable yield than all of the progenies. The effect of year was significant at 5% level, but the effect of cultivars and cultivar * year were significant at 1% level. progeny number 994016 produced maximum seed size tubers. In Booshehr station, based on two years resualts, effect of year, cultivar and cultivar * year effects were not significant. Also, based on mean analysis; the yield of local check (Ajax) was higher but differences was not significant. Finally in normal conditions with adequate supply of formal seed potato tubers of common varities, the TPS progenies can not competite with commercial varieties such as Ajax or Agria, because quality and quantity of TPS progenies is lower. 3- Investigation and evaluation of potato cultivars for yield and processing purposes: In order to introduce processing varieties, 17 potato cultivars were evaluated for 3 years in Karaj , Khorasan and Ardebil . Experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) . Also for Determination of Processing quality 29 potato varieties were evaluated for Reduced sugars , specific gravity , Dry matter content , percent of oil absorption , crisps and french fries quality . Hertha , Kuras , Elles and Aula had 25.61 , 25.49 , 25.39 and 22.09 Percent of dry matter respectively which were the highest among the evaluated varieties . The highest (43%) and lowest (34.4%) rate of oil absorption were belong to Elles and Desiree respectively . Also the highest reduced sugar content (21.44) was observed in Srenade and the lowest rate (0.026 mg/g ) was observed in Cardinal variety . With regard to Agronomic and processing characteristics the following varieties were introduced : 4- Kuras variety for starch production 5- Sante , Aula , Agria , Miriam , Premier and Cosmose verities for crisps production . 6- Agria , Aula , Desiree (Desital ) , Diamant and Miriam for french fries production. 4- Investigation and evaluation of potato cultivars for yield and agronomical characteristics in spring cultivation: In order to introduce of new potato varieties two experiments were carried out with 14 late to medium- late and 17 early to medium-early varieties. Experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. All the varieties were grown in five locations (Karaj ; Khorasan, Glestan , Shahrood , East Azerbaijan , Ardebil) for two years . Each plot was consisted of two rows and row length was 6 meters. Plant density was 25x75 Centimeters. Some of investigated characters were: tuber shape, tuber size, flesh colour, secondary growth, cooking quality, total and marketable yield. Dates analysis showed that among the late and medium late varieties (Aziza, Eba, cosima , Agria , Elles, Bolesta , Picasso , Draga, Diamant, Romano, Kurasm Kardinal, Moren, Hertha) Moren , Picasso and Kuras , Varieties were produced more marketable yield than the others. In early and medium early varieties experiment marketable yield of Arinda, Sante, Satina, and Marfona were more than other varieties (Ajax , Estima, Escort, Ilona, Binella, Dita, Concord, Cosmos, Miriam). Final suggestions are as follows: 1- Arinda and sante varieties are suitable for spring cultivation and off season production. 2- Picasso and moren for fresh consumptions.