A contribution to the knowledge of soil genesis and soil pattern on Rye Island (palaeomeander of Danube River, Nekyje) | Príspevok k poznaniu genézy pôd a štruktúry pôdnej pokrývky na Žitnom ostrove (paleomeander Dunaja, Nekyje)
2011
Pišút, P., Comenius Univ., Bratislava (Slovak Republic) | Procházka, J., Comenius Univ., Bratislava (Slovak Republic)
In this paper we present preliminary results of detailed soil survey of the Danube River palaeomeander in Rye Island, SW Slovakia (Vrakúň site). Local soils have been developed from 1) original Calcaric Fluvisols inside the meander - resulting in current Mollic Fluvisols and Haplic Chernozem, and by 2) sub-hydric accumulation of aquatics and swamp plant remnants in the former oxbow lake of cut-off palaeomeander. These soils of terrestrialized channel are currently represented by the complex of fen Histosols, Histic Gleysols and Histic Mollic Gleysols. Ecologically precious remnants of original fen grasslands and periodically waterlogged mowed meadows are bound to these soils. Variability of soil types has been determined by morphological development of the original fluvial landform, by differences in microrelief, groundwater level and by change in substrate textural composition. Differences have also been given by uneven siltation and overgrowing of the oxbow lake. In past centuries, the development of soils has also been largely induced by direct and indirect action of man (change of land use and water regime, both). A part of current Mollic Fluvisols and Gleysols probably originated as late as in the 19th and 20th century following gradual drainage of the area. Since then, also a slight soil salinization periodically appears. In recent decades, in the studied area, paradoxically, to a lesser extent also slope processes are recognized. Local soil map of palaeomeander is the graphical output of the soil survey.
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