Biofuel and its utilization | Биотопливо и его использование

General review of biofuel is presented in the monograph; main stages of the development of the types of biofuels are analyzed; biofuels of the first, second and third generations are compared. Determination of biogas is given; the most important parameters and thermotechnical calculations of biogas utilization are presented. Some physical and chemical characteristics of gases are analyzed, genesis of biogas is researched, and main types of biogas are outlined. Working principle of cogeneration units is analyzed; review of foreign (Slovak) cogeneration units is given. Main fuel types, used for cogeneration units, are described. The most important characteristics of propane, butane, landfill gas, fermentation and waste gases are analyzed. Ecological aspects of utilization of biogas and natural gas in Slovakia and European Union are described. General direction of the development of biofuel utilization in Europe is noticed; technologies of the biofuel production for transport are analyzed. Energy policy of the countries of European Union as a whole and in Slovakia particularly is researched; introduction of biofuel into energy systems of different countries is analyzed. Special detailed analysis of energy policy of Slovak Republic is made; main tendencies of the development of the energy market (liberalization, restructuration and privatization) are outlined. The most important economic characteristics of energetic sector (total energy consumption, coefficient of energy demand, requirement in energy resources per capita, main goals and priorities of energetic policy) are analyzed. Prognosis of future development of renewable energy in Slovak Republic is made; presupposed growth of different types of energy resources is calculated. The main directions of the development of energetic sector of the economy are described; safety and reliability of the supply of different forms of energy of necessary quality and quantity is analyzed. Application of the Slovak experience to the conditions of the Republic of Belarus, energetic policy of Belarus, calculation of effectiveness of biofuel application in the Republic of Belarus, diesel biofuel in Belarus and potential abilities of alternative energy in the conditions of Belarus is evaluated.