Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Heartwood Formation and Oil Composition of Young Santalum album | 几种生长调节剂对幼龄檀香生长、心材形成和精油成分的影响

Китайский. 采用树干注入的方法,研究6-苄氨基腺嘌呤、乙烯利、甲基紫精、茉莉酸等生长调节剂对6年生幼龄檀香生长、心材形成和精油成分的影响。结果表明：树干注入各种生长调节剂对幼龄檀香树高和胸径的影响均不显著,但均能促成幼龄檀香形成具芳香气味的心材,且心材的质地与自然条件下形成的心材较为一致;各处理促成的心材数量（扩展范围）差异极显著（P〈0.01）,心材数量大小的统计学顺序为甲基紫精处理=乙烯利处理〉6-苄氨基腺嘌吟处理=对照处理〉茉莉酸处理;各处理促成的心材精油相对含量和绝对含量差异分别为显著（P〈0.05）和极显著（P〈0.01）,6-苄氨基腺嘌呤处理的心材精油含量最高,平均相对含量为5.55%,平均绝对含量为8.77%,显著地高于其他各处理;各处理促成的心材精油成分组成基本一致,但α-檀香醇（P〈0.05）和β-檀香醇含量（P〈0.05）差异显著,乙烯利处理的α-檀香醇含量最高,平均相对含量为46.05%,6-苄氨基腺嘌呤处理的β-檀香醇含量最高,平均相对含量为23.25%;除茉莉酸处理促成的檀香心材精油没有达到檀香木油的国际质量标准以外,其他各处理均达到质量标准,这意味着幼龄檀香不仅可以提前＂结香＂,而且心材的形成受激素调控,6-苄氨基腺嘌呤很可能是调控檀香心材形成的重要激素之一。

Английский. In this paper, we investigated the effects of 4 plant growth regulators （PGRs）, including Benzyladenine, Ethrel, Methyl Viologen and Jasmonic acid, on growth, heartwood formation and essential oil composition of young Santalum album through a stem injection method. The results showed that there were no significant differences in heightand DBH growth, but all the above PGRs promoted formation of fragrant heartwood in young sandals, and the heartwood was the same appearance and texture with naturally produced heartwood. There were extremely significant differences （P〈0.01） in the amount of induced heartwood among different PGRs treatments, and the rank of the treatment efficiency was in the following order： Methyl Viologen=EthrelBenzyladenine=CKJasmonic acid. There were significant and extremely significant differences in both relative content （P〈0.05） and absolute content （P〈0.01） of essential oil distilled from these heartwood among different treatments, of which Benzyladenine treatment yielded the highest relative content and absolute content, and the average content was 5.55% and was 8.77% respectively. The components of essential oil induced by different treatments were nearly the same. However, contents of α-santalol （P〈0.05） and β-santalol （P〈0.05） were statistically different, ethrel treatment had the highest α-santalol content, with 46.05%, while benzyladenine treatment had the highest β-santalol content, with 23.35%. All treatments, except for jasmonic acid, produced oil which quality met with the ISO standard for S. album oil, indicating that the process of the heartwood formation can be regulated by phytohormones, of which benzyladenine may be one of the most useful phytohormones in controlling heartwood formation of sandal.