Biological Characteristics of Pollen Germination of ‘Taishanhong＇Pomegranate | 石榴‘泰山红’的花粉萌发生物学特性

Китайский. 以石榴栽培品种‘泰山红’为试材,利用扫描电镜观察石榴的开花进程和花粉萌发进程,确定花粉萌发的最佳培养条件,研究不同植物生长调节物质对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的影响。结果表明：1）石榴花朵开放至花朵凋落或坐果经过3个形态变化。散粉一般在花瓣展开的第2天,集中在8：00―17：00（22～ 30℃,空气相对湿度25%～ 40%）,花药散粉完毕一般需要1～ 2天。2）通过正交试验得出,最佳培养条件组合为：10%蔗糖,0.005%硼酸,pH值7.0。3）石榴花粉的萌发时间较短,仅3 h。4）低浓度的6-BA（1～ 10 mg・L-1）、2,4-D（1～ 5 mg・L-1）对花粉萌发和花粉管生长起促进作用,超过此浓度范围,对花粉萌发和花粉管生长起抑制作用,促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长的最佳浓度为10 mg・L-1的6-BA和5 mg・L-1的2,4-D;NAA（1～ 30 mg・L-1）和多效唑（50～ 800 mg・L-1）对花粉萌发和花粉管生长有抑制作用,抑制程度随浓度的增大而加强。

Английский. The cultivar,‘Taishanhong＇,of pomegranate（ Punica granatum） was used as experimental materials to investigate the course of flowering and pollen germination to find the optimal culture conditions of pollen germination and to study the effects of plant growth regulators on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The results showed that there were three morphological phases during flowering periods. The anther released pollens the next day from 8： 00 to 17： 00（ 22-30 ℃,relative humidity 25%- 40%） when flowers were completely open. The pollen dispersion period usually took 1- 2 days. The optimal culture conditions of pollen germination were with 10% sucrose,0. 005% H3BO3and pH 7. 0. The time of pollen germination was 3 h. Low concentration 6-BA（ 1- 10 mg・L- 1） and 2,4-D（ 1-5 mg・L- 1）promoted the pollen germination and tube growth. However,high concentrations of the hormones expressed inhibition effects on the pollen germination and tube growth. The optimal concentration for pollen germination pollen and tube growth was 10 mg・L- 1（ 6-BA） and 5 mg・L- 1（ 2,4-D）. In the contrast,NAA（ 1-30 mg・L- 1） and PP333（ 50-800 mg・L- 1）had some inhibitory effects on the pollen germination and tube growth of pomegranate. The inhibitory effects strengthened with concentration increasing.