Effects of sowing irrigation on plant establishment, water consumption and yield of summer maize | 底墒对夏玉米生长发育、水分利用及产量的影响

Китайский. 利用郑单958为材料,探讨播种时底墒差异对夏玉米生长发育、水分利用及产量的影响,以确定适宜的灌水量。试验设置4个处理,播种后不灌水（CK）、播种后立即灌水30mm（GS-30）、45mm（GS-45）、60mm（GS-60）。结果表明：1）6月中旬播种灌溉底墒水有其必要性;2）土壤储水量及水分利用效率在不同处理间存在一定的差异,其中GS-60的土壤储水量最多,WUE的差异不显著;3）播种后不灌水（CK）处理下的出苗率显著低于3个灌溉处理,即CK比灌溉处理低27.8%～30.3%;3叶展时CK处理下单株干物重比GS-60显著降低了16%,但与其他处理间无显著差异,6叶展时单株干物重以GS-60显著高于其他处理,而各灌溉处理均显著高于CK。6叶展时各处理功能叶SPAD值存在显著差异,SPAD值随灌溉量的增加而增大;4）随着生育进程推移,底墒对夏玉米的LAI影响逐渐降低,至灌浆中期各处理差异不显著,底墒对夏玉米中后期单株干物重的影响与LAI类似;5）籽粒产量为GS-60产量最高,显著高于CK,而与GS-30,GS-45差异不显著。综上,播种后灌溉有利于玉米出苗率稳定及幼苗建成并促进幼苗生长、最终提高产量;同时,能够在一定程度上增加土壤贮水量。

Английский. Field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao experimental station,Hebei province in 2011.Four treatments were applied,zero irrigation after sowing（CK）,irrigation amount of 30 mm（GS-30）,45 mm（GS-45）,and 60 mm（GS-60） after sowing.A variety of ZD958 was used to study the effect of sowing irrigation on plant establishment,water consumption and yield of summer maize.It showed that irrigation amount played an important role for the plant establishment,water consumption and grain yield.1）Precipitation conditions in mid-and late of June indicated irrigation was necessary;2）The soil water storage in GS-60 was the highest among treatments,while WUE of CK was the highest and WUE of GS-60 ranked the second.3）Emergence rate of CK plants was significantly lower than other treatments.At 3-leaf stage,biomass per plant of GS-60 was significantly greater than CK,while no significant difference compared with GS-30 and GS-45.In addition,both the biomass per plant and the SPAD of GS-60 were significantly higher than those obtained from other treatments at 6-leaf stage.4）There was a decreased trend for the effects of sowing irrigation amount on LAI and biomass per plant of summer maize when the plants approach mature.5）Grain yield from irrigation treatments was significantly higher than that CK,whereas no significant difference was observed within irrigation treatments.It can be concluded that irrigation after sowing contributed to better emergence and health plant establishment and plant growth at seedling stages,thus was beneficial to grain yield.Moreover,soil water storage was improved by irrigation after sowing.