Influence of top dressing on growth and nutrient absorption of tomato cultivated in organic substrate mixed with agricultural residue | 追肥对农业废弃物有机基质栽培番茄生长发育和养分吸收的影响

Китайский. 以发酵的麦糠、菇渣、玉米芯按体积比5：3：2混合作为番茄栽培基质，设低（L）、中（M）、高（H）3个追肥水平和结果期每穗果（A）或隔穗果追肥（B）2个追肥频次，研究番茄生长、产量、品质、养分吸收和肥料利用率。结果表明：A―L（每穗果低肥）和B―M（隔穗果中肥）处理的番茄生长最好，B―L（隔穗果低肥）处理长势最差；A―H（每穗果高肥）处理氮、磷和B―H（隔穗果高肥）处理钾素吸收量最大；A―L处理的氮磷钾肥料利用率最高，A―H处理的利用率最低；番茄产量以B―M处理最高，比不追肥增产20．5％；其次是A―L处理，比不追肥增产15．8％；番茄果实的营养品质以低肥处理较好。每穗果低肥和隔穗果中肥可作为该基质栽培番茄的追肥模式。

Английский. Tomato grown in the substrate mixed with decomposed wheat husk and awn, mushroom residue and corn cob in the volume proportion of 5：3：2, was top dressed at low（ L）, moderate （M）or high （H）level and at the frequency once for each fruit cluster（A） or once for alternate fruit cluster（B）. The growth, fruit yield and quality, nutrient absorption of tomato and the fertilizer utilization rate were investigated. The results showed that tomato in the treatments A-L（ low fertilizer at each fruit cluster）and B-M （moderate fertilizer at alternate fruit cluster）grew the best, but in B-L（ low fertilizer at alternate fruit cluster）treatment grew the worst among all the treatments. Tomato in treatment A-H（ high fertilizer at each fruit cluster）and B-H（ high fertilizer at alternate fruit cluster） absorbed more potassium than in other treatments. The highest fertilizer utilization rate was treatment A-L（ low fertilizer at each fruit cluster） ,and the lowest was treatment A-H. The highest yield was got in the treatment B-M, which was 20.5% higher than the control. The effect of treatment A-L was just next to the treatment B-M and its yield was 15.8% higher than the control. The better fruit quality indexes were found among the treatments with low level of fertilization. Tomato in low fertilizer at each fruit cluster and moderate fertilizer at alternate fruit cluster are recommended as the suitable fertilization system for tomato cultivation on the tested organic substrate.