Studies on propagation of some ornamental plants and Phoenix dactylifera by tissue culture

This study was performed at the Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. These experiments were done in Plant Biotechnology Research Lab., Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University during 2005 to 2009. Ginkgo biloba, several explants were used as microcuttings and in vitro produced leaves. The highest percentage of surviving of microcuttings was recoded by using 20% NaOCI. The best concentration of sucrose was 30 g/l. Shoots multiplication were resulted in added BA at 5.0 mg/I or using 0.5 mg/I NAA + 1.0 mg/I BA. Shoots elongation were recorded by using GA3 at 8.0 mg/l. The highest callus percentage was noticed with 20.0 mg/l 2,4-D. All concentrations of IBA failed to induce any roots. NAA was very effective factor for rooting. Only 50% of the transplanted plantlets survived when transplanted on mixture composed of washed sand, peat moss and perlite at ration 1:1:1. Total flavonoids were the highest in in vitro leaves sample. Date palm, the highest percentage of surviving of shoot tip explants was achieved by using 1.0 g/l MC + NaOCI at 60%. The highest percentage of surviving of inflorescence explants was achieved by using 1.0 g/t MC. The shoot tip explants recorded the highest callus percentage with BA at 3.0 m.g/I + 2,4-D at 10.0 mg/l. The highest percentage of callus formation from inflorescences in stage I (spikes 5 cm long) was recorded by using 3.0 mg/I 2ip + 10.0 _ mg/l 2,4-D. The shoot tip explants resulted in embryogenic callus (torpedo stage formation) with BA at 3.0 mg/l + 2ip at 3.0 mg/I + 2,4-D at 40.0 mg/l. Using BA at 3.0 mg/l + 2ip at 3.0 tug/I + 2,4-D at 20.0 mg/I resulted in 1.33% torpedo. The torpedo formation from floral bud explants in stage (1) was noticed by using NA.A at 5.0 mg/I + 2ip at 10.0 mg/I or using NAA at 10.0 mg/1 + 2,4-D at l.0 mg/I. Using 2,4-D at 0.5 mg/I + kin at 2.0 mg/l resulted in the highest number of somatic embryos from shoot tip explants. Inflorescence in stage (1) induced somatic embryos by using NAA at 0.1 mg/I compared with the stage (2) of inflorescence. Sucrose at 30.0 or 50.0 g/I recorded the highest number of leaves from embryos. Using BA at 2.0 mg/I + NOA at 2.0 mg/l or IAA at 0.5 mg/I A- BA at 10.0 resulted in development of somatic embryos. BA at 3.0 mg/I + 30.0 g/l sucrose resulted in the highest shoots number or using 0.1 mg/I NAA + 1.0 mg/I 2ip. Shoots formed roots with NAA at 0.1 mg/1. Only 20% of transplanted plantlets were surviving after acclimatization in peat moss: vermiculite: sand (1:1:1, v/v