Methods to study the advantagesof cleistogamy in oilseed rape in limiting unwated gene flow
Pierre , Jacqueline (INRA (France). UMR 1099 Biologie des Organismes et des Populations Appliquée à la Protection des Plantes) | Fargue , Agnès (INRA , Paris (France). UMR 1048 Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires) | Picault , Hervé (INRA , Le Rheu (France). UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes) | Pinochet , Xavier (INRA , Le Rheu (France). UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes) | Renard , Michel (INRA , Le Rheu (France). UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes)
The interest of cleistogamy (permanent closing of flowers) lies in two ways: to favour self pollination (i.e. to maintain pure lines) and to reduce gene flow by limiting pollen dispersal. The latter aim could be very beneficial in the case of the GMO control. Presently, the stability of the cleistogamous trait (obtained by mutagenesis) is attained in several lines but has to be confirmed under various climatic and agricultural conditions. In addition, stable cleistogamous lines having an erucic acid marker are now available. This marker can be easily detected in the seeds and its content found in the offspring seeds is a good indicator of cross-pollination. Thus, biological material now exists enabling several experimental designs to study the impact of this trait both on autogamy rate and pollen dispersal. Two kinds of experiments can be carried out in the field : To study the incidence of cleistogamy on the autogamy rate in the cleistogamous plants, a small proportion of seeds of one cleistogamous line is sown in a field of a conventional oilseed rape having a high erucic acid seeds content as a marker. To study the role of the cleistogamy on the pollen transfer to non cleistogamous plants, on the opposite, a small proportion of seeds of a conventional oilseed rape exhibiting a low erucic acid level is sown in a field of a high erucic acid cleistogamous line. A third kind of experiment can be designed to study the effect of cleistogamy in escaping allo-pollen contamination according to the distance of a contaminant neighbouring plot. In addition, because honeybees are involved in pollen transfers their foraging behaviour on closed flower is investigated in order to known whether they open the flowers or not in the field experimental conditions.
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