Recent progress in genetic transformation of four Pinus spp.
Trontin , Jean-François (Institut Technologique FCBA: Forêt, Cellulose, Bois-construction, Ameublement, Nangis(France). Laboratoire de Biotechnologie) | Walter , Christian (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited, Rotorua(Nouvelle Zélande). Cell Wall Biotechnology Center) | Klimaszewska , Krystyna (Natural Resources Canada, Sainte-Foy, Québec(Canada). Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre) | Park , Yill-Sung (Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick(Canada). Canadian Forest Service, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre) | Lelu-Walter , Marie-Anne (INRA (France). UR 0588 Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières)
Advances in conifer tissue culture and genetic transformation offer new opportunities in the field of genetic engineering. Genetic transformation is an important tool for breeders because it allows them to introduce valuable genes that might otherwise be difficult to integrate into elite genotypes. Combined with mass vegetative propagation, such as somatic embryogenesis, regeneration of transgenic conifers could result in accelerated tree improvement. Genetic transformation requires the development of an efficient gene delivery system. Extensive work has been done in Pinus spp. to improve transformation methods, either by DNA-coated particle bombardment or by co-culture with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This review describes the most recent progress made in genetic transformation in the genus Pinus, with emphasis on four important forest and plantation species grown in Europe (P. pinaster), New Zealand, Australia and South America (P. radiata), and North America (P. taeda and P. strobus). The biosafety issues associated with potential deployment of transgenic pine varieties in commercial forestry are highlighted.
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