Adaptability experiments of populous euphratica Olive. and P. alba in some provinces of Iran

Salinity and alkalinity of soil and water, high temperature and high solar ray during the summer, low and dry temperature during the winter and _ are considering as main living limitation factors on any points of Iranian plain. Many thousands hectare on rivers' bank of Khozestan and dry and warm area of Iran with especial circumstances are covered by Populus euphratica. This species possess many genetically advantages such as tolerant to salinity and alkalinity of soil and water but it has un industrial value because of its un-slender trunk. On the contrary the P. alba species has not tolerant to salinity and alkalinity soil and water but it possess smooth and slender trunk. It was proposed to explore new intergeneric hybrids with some complementary characters of the two parental species. Biotechnologycal tequnics i.e. embryo rescue and embryo culture were used to produce interspecific hybrid, because of interspecific incompatibility. This pice of work performed to determaine the compatibility and introduce souitable hybrid colone in different ecologyical conditions in the randomaized compleat block deasins at three Khosestan, West Azarbijan and Charmahal-o-Bakhtyari provinces. Interspecific hybrid, gametocolonal of P. euphratica, Khosestan's endemic P. euphratica, West Azarbijan and Charma's endmic P. alba and P. nigra were compared according to occasion. The hybrid had higher and smoother trunk and survival percentage than the others in Khosestan. Both P. alba×P.euphritica and P.euphritica×P. alba hybrids had better performance than endemic P. alba in West Asarbijan, in general. The P.euphritica×P. alba hybrid produce more wood and the P. alba×P.euphritica hybrid had better wood quality, visially, in this province. Amoung 4 genotypes the P. alba ×P. euphratica hybrid had higher hight and diamitter trunk at Chamahal-o-Bakhtyari. This hybrid was in competition with endemic P. alba and gained many good maternal characters. Although the P. euphratica×P. alba hybrid had good wood yield but it was very sensitive to coold. So it could be used at those areas which cold weather in winter and springe is not a restriction factor. The P. nigra had lesser wood qulity and quantity. The P. alba ×P. euphratica hybrids are suitable genotypes for cultivation in comparison with endemic genotypes. In spite of good characters of the matual hybrids, they have many teqnical problems which it is necessary to rehybridise between the two P. alba and P. euphratica for creation and introducing new colonal hybrids with compelemenary characters of both species and presenting herosis effects.