Research progress on action mechanism of biocontrol yeast against postharvest fruit pathogen | 生防酵母菌防治果品采后病害机理的研究进展

Китайский. 果品在采后贮藏、运输和销售过程中因病害损失严重。现行防治果品采后病害的主要手段是使用化学杀菌剂，但化学杀菌剂易产生残留和使病原菌产生耐药性，且污染环境甚至危害人体健康，因此，寻找可行又更为安全的方法防治果品采后病害具有重要意义。目前已分离筛选出对果品采后病害具有明显防治效果的生防酵母菌，其中有些酵母菌作为生物杀菌剂已经获得许可和生产并得到广泛应用。近年来，生防酵母菌的生防机理研究进展迅速，笔者从营养或空间竞争、直接病原菌寄生、诱导寄主产生抗性、分泌抗菌素等4个方面对生防机理研究的历史和最新状况进行综述，分析存在的问题并展望了研究前景。

Английский. Postharvest diseases caused considerable losses to harvested fruits during the process of postharvest storage, transportation and distribution. By now, postharvest pathogens of fruits were controlled primarily by chemical fungicides. Therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative methods because of the fungicide residual, the development of fungicide-resistant strains of pathogen, the environmental pollution and the threat on human health. As one of the new and safe methods for postharvest diseases of fruits, various antagonistic yeasts have been isolated and identified as the potential antifungal biocontrol agents against postharvest fungal pathogen in the past thirty years, some yeasts-based products have obtained the permission to be used commercially. In recent years, mechanism of action of antagonistic yeast involved in the biocontrol of postharvest pathogens has been researched extensively, including the yeast’s competition for nutrients and space, the production of antifungal compounds, the resistance of fruit tissue and mycoparasitism. In this paper, the above-mentioned mechanisms of yeasts were reviewed, which will be helpful for selecting appropriate formulations and methods of application.