Effect of different branch angle on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Hanfu apple | 不同拉枝角度对寒富苹果树生理特性和果实品质的影响

Китайский. 为探讨寒富苹果树主枝适宜的拉枝角度，以2年生自根砧寒富为试材，研究不同拉枝角度对树体生理特性和果实品质的影响。结果表明：寒富拉枝角度120°时果实单果质量和硬度最高，而拉枝角度110°时果实果型指数、着色指数、花青苷、可溶性固形物、总糖等果实品质高于其他处理，部分处理间差异极显著；拉枝角度110°时叶片净光合速率、单叶鲜质量、干质量、叶片厚度和叶绿素含量、枝条抽生中短枝和叶丛枝的数量高于其他处理，叶片中的氮素营养含量最低，磷素营养含量最高；叶片中的钾和枝条中的磷素营养含量随着拉枝角度的增大而升高，拉枝角度120°时最高。综合以上指标，认为寒富苹果自根砧树体主枝适宜拉枝角度为110°。

Английский. In order to investigate the proper angle of branch drawing of Hanfu apple tree, with 2 years old rootstocks Hanfu as the test material, the effect of different branch angles on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Hanfu apple was studied. The results showed that: the fruit weight and the hardness were the best when the branch angle was 120°, and the fruit shape index, fruit coloring index, anthocyanin, total soluble solids, total sugar were better when the branch angle was 110° than those of other treatments, the difference among the treatments was significant; the leaf net photosynthetic rate, leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf thickness and chlorophyll content, the number of short branches and leafages were higher than those of other treatments, and the nitrogen content of leaves was the lowest, while the phosphorus content of leaves was the highest; the potassium content of leaves and phosphorus content of shoot increased with the branch angle, the phosphorus and potassium contents were the maximum when the branch angle was 120°. Based on the above indexes, 110° of the angle of the branches of Hanfu apple rootstocks tree is suitable.