Genetic analysis of grain related traits of a maize primary mapping population | 玉米初级作图群体的籽粒性状遗传效应分析

Китайский. 以玉米自交系综3和衡白522的F2∶3家系为材料,通过一年两点的田间试验,研究了6个籽粒产量相关性状的遗传特点。结果表明,所调查的6个性状中,广义遗传力在两点最高的为穗行数和穗粗,其次为行粒数、穗粒重、穗重、穗长。F1代中亲优势和超亲优势的强弱依次为穗粒重、穗重、行粒数、穗长、穗行数和穗粗。F2∶3家系表现出明显的自交衰退现象。穗粒重的变异系数最高,其次分别为穗重、行粒数、穗长、穗行数和穗粗。穗粒重与穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数均存在极显著正相关关系;行粒数对穗粒重的促进作用更明显。利用籽粒各性状之间的相关关系,可以为正确估算靶基因表型值、精细定位和克隆基因提供参考。

Английский. A population with 237 F2:3 families from the crossing of Zong 3×HB 522 was phenotypically evaluated at two locations to assay the genetic characteristics of six grain yield-related traits of maize (Zea mays L.).Results showed that the kernel row number and the ear diameter had higher broad-sense heritability (H2b), followed by kernels per row, kernel weight per ear, ear weight and ear length. The descending order of mid-parent heterosis of six traits and the over-parent heterosis in F1 generation was the kernel weight per ear, ear weight, kernels per row, ear length, row number and ear diameter. Obvious depression of inbreeding were observed in F2:3 families. The coefficient of variation (CV) of kernel weight per ear was the highest, CV of the other five traits was as follows: ear weight, kernels per row, ear length, row number and kernel weight per ear. The kernel weight per ear was significantly correlated with the ear length, ear diameter, row number, kernels per row. Kernels per row were more effective in promoting kernel weight per ear. Results provided a method for estimating phenotypic values of target genes by using the correlation among six grain yield related traits of maize, thus helped to conduct fine mapping of related genes and gene cloning in maize.