Establishment of an insecticide resistance monitoring protocol based on the residual contact vial bioassay for Frankliniella occidentalis
Kwon, D.H., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, K., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kang, T.J., National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.J., National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Choi, B.R., National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.I., NICS, RDA, Pyeong-chang, Republic of Korea | Lee, S.H., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
A modified residual contact vial bioassay (RCV) in which a small aliquot (1 microliter) of water was supplemented to minimize controlmortalitywas established as a rapid insecticide resistancemonitoring tool for thewestern flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Based on the RCV scheme, diagnostic doses for seven insecticides that are widely used for F. occidentalis control were determined at 8 h post-treatment using a susceptible RDA strain. The diagnostic doses for five insecticides (chlorfenapyr, acrinathrin, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam)were in the range of 0.03 to 0.42 microgram 1cm2 andwere readily applicable for the detection of resistance levels. In the case of the remaining two insecticides (omethoate and imidacloprid), however, the estimated diagnostic doseswere too high (3.28 and 12.4 microgram 1cm2, respectively) to forma viscous film over the inner wall of the treated vial, thereby limiting their use for resistance detection. Thus, the performance of RCV in detecting resistance to the five insecticideswas evaluated for five local populations of F. occidentalis. The RDA strain exhibited 100% mortality to all insecticides tested,whereas field populations collected fromhorticultural glass houses generally showed remarkably reduced mortality (b50%) to acrinathrin, thiamethoxam, spinosad, and emamectin benzoate, suggesting varying degrees of resistance to these insecticides. Chlorfenapyr resulted in relatively higher mortalities, indicating that it is a better option compared with the other insecticides for the control of these field populations. In summary, the RCV should facilitate the on-site resistancemonitoring and the selection of appropriate insecticides against F. occidentalis.
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